بررسی رفتار الیاف کربن و کولار در استوانه‌ی کامپوزیتی تحت ضربه سرعت پایین: تحلیل تجربی و عددی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیات علمو و مدیر گروه/ گروه مهندسی مکانیک، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی قزوین، قزوین

2 دانشجوی دکتری مکانیک، باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی قزوین، قزوین

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مکانیک، باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی قزوین، قزوین

چکیده

نسبت استحکام به وزن باال در کامپوزیت‌های زمینه پلیمری تقویت شده با الیاف سبب شده است که در بسیاری از سازه‌ها و قطعات مورد توجه واقع شود. در این مقاله به تحلیل تجربی و عددی چهار استوانه کامپوزیتی تحت ضربه با سرعت پایین پرداخته شده است. ساختار این لوله‌ها به صورت فقط کربن، فقط کولار، کولار- خارج/ کربن- داخل و کربن- خارج/ کولار- داخل می‌باشد. در تست آزمایشگاهی از دستگاه ضربه‌ی سقوط آزاد با یک ضربه زننده کروی فولادی جهت اعمال ضربه بدون سرعت اولیه استفاده شده است. در بخش عددی جهت بررسی رفتار ضربه از روش مدل‌سازی اجزاء محدود در نرمافزار آباکوس مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. در پژوهش حاضر انواع روش‌های مدل‌سازی، فرایند مش‌بندی و انوع المان‌ها در نرم افزار مورد بحث قرار گرفته است. در تحقیق حاضر نیرو، مدت زمان تماس و جابجایی نمونه‌ها مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. با توجه به نتایج می‌توان دید که الیاف کولار قابلیت جذب انرژی بیشتری را نسبت به کربن داشته و استوانه فقط کربنی بیشترین نیروی تماسی و کمترین جابجایی را در مقایسه با سایر نمونه‌ها دارد. برای صحت سنجی، نتایج تجربی با نتایج نرمافزار آباکوس مطابقت داده شده است که تطابق بسیار نزدیکی بین دو نتیجه وجود دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

On the Behavior of Carbon and Kevlar Fibers in Cylindrical Composites Subjected to Low-velocity Impact: Experimental Observation and Numerical Analysis

نویسندگان [English]

  • Younes Mohammadi 1
  • Hamed Qasemi 2
  • Morteza Asadi 3
1 - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Young Researchers and Elite Club, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Young Researchers and Elite Club, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
چکیده [English]

High ratio of strength to weight in fiber reinforced polymer composites causes to their applications in many of the structures and components. In this study an experimental and numerical investigation on four composite cylinders’ response to low-velocity impact is carried out. The studied cylinders were considered to be carbon-only, kevlar-only, kevlar-outside/carbon-inside, and carbon[1]outside/kevlar-inside. The experimental impact test was applied on the samples using a drop-weight impact apparatus without initial velocity with a spherical steel impactor. In the numerical part, a finite element (FE) modeling technique has been used in ABAQUS software to investigate the impact behavior. In this paper, various types of modeling methods, meshing process and types of elements were discussed in the software. The issues of concern were the contact force, contact duration, and deflection of the specimens. It was found that kevlar fiber has more ability to absorb energy compared to carbon fiber and that the carbon-only specimen has the greatest contact force and the lowest deflection compared with the other samples. To validate the experimental data, they were compared with the results obtained from FE analysis and a strong concurrence was found between them.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Low-velocity impact
  • Cylindrical composite
  • Carbon fiber
  • Kevlar fiber
  • Finite element modeling
[1] Guz, I. A., Menshykova, M., Paik, J. K., 2017. “Thick- walled composite tubes for offshore applications: an example of stress and failure analysis for filament- wound multi-layered pipes”, Ships and Offshore Structures, pp. 304-322.
[2] Evans, K. E., and Alderson, K. L., 1992. “Low velocity transverse impact of filament-wound pipes: Part 2. Residual properties and correlations with impact damage”, Composite Structures, 20(1), pp.47-52.
[3]  Naik, N. K., Ramasimha, R., Arya, H., Prabhu, S.V., ShamaRao, N., 2001. “Impact response and damage tolerance characteristics of glass-carbon/epoxy hybrid composite plates”, Composites Part B: Engineering, Vol. 32, No. 7, pp. 565–574.
[4]  Zhu, S., Chai, G. B., 2015. “Low-velocity impact response of composite sandwich panels”, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications, Vol. 230, No. 2, pp. 388-399.
[5]  Mines, R. A. W., Worrall, C. M., Gibson, A. G., 1998. “Low velocity perforation behavior of polymer composite sandwich panels”, International Journal of Impact Engineering, Vol. 21, No. 10, pp. 855-879.
[6]  Dear, J. P., Lee, H., Brown, S. A., 2005. “Impact damage process in composite sheet and sandwich honeycomb materials”, International Journal of Impact Engineering, Vol. 32, No. 1-4, pp. 130-154.
[7] Moeinifard, M., Liaghat, G., Rahimi, G., Talezadehlari, A., Hadavinia, H., 2016. “Experimental investigation on the energy absorption and contact force of unstiffened and grid-stiffened composite cylindrical shells under lateral compression”, Composite Structures, Vol. 31, No. 152, pp. 626-636.
[8]  Kumar, S., Rao, B. N., Pradhan, B., 2007. “Effect of impactor parameters and laminate characteristics on impact response and damage in curved composite laminates”, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, Vol. 26, No. 13, pp. 1273-1290.
[9]  Christorforou, A. P., Swanson, S. P., 1991. “Analysis of impact response in composite plates”, International Journal of Solids and Structures, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 161-170.
[10] Cairns, D. S., Lagace, P. A., 1989. “Transient response of graphite/epoxy and Kevlar/epoxy laminates subjected to impact”, AIAA Journal, Vol. 27, No. 11, pp. 1590-1596.
[11]   Prasad, C. B., Ambur, D. R., Starnes, J. H., 1993. “Response of laminated composite plates to low speed impact by airgun propelled and dropped weight impactors”, AIAA/ASME Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference.
[12] Sun, C. T., Chen, J. K., 1985. “On the impact of initially stressed composite laminates”, Journal of Composite, Vol. 19, No. 6, pp. 490-504.rials
[13] Achrach, W. E., Hansen, R. S., 1989. “Mixed finite element method for composite cylinder subjected to impact”, AIAA Journal, Vol. 27, No. 5, pp. 632-638.
[14] Her, S. C., Liang, Y. C., 2004. “The finite element analysis of composite laminates and shell structures subjected to low velocity impact”, Composite Structures, Vol. 66, No. 1-4, pp. 277-285.
[15] Kaneko, T., Sato, K., Ujihashi, S., Yomoda, H., 2007. “Finite element failure analysis of carbon fiber reinforced plastic cylinders under transverse impact loading”, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications, Vol. 221, No. 2, pp. 103-112.
[16] David West, O. S., Nash, D. H., Banks, M. W., 2014. “Low-velocity heavy mass impact response of singly curved composites”, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications, Vol. 228, No. 1, pp. 17-33.
[17] Khalili, S. M. R., Soroush, M., Davar, A., Rahmani, O., 2011. “Finite element modeling of low-velocity impact on laminated composite plates and cylindrical shells”, Composite Structures, Vol. 93, No. 5, pp. 1363-1375.
[18] Kistler, L. S., Waas, A. M., 1998. “Impact response of cylindrically curved laminates including a large deformation scaling study”, International Journal of Impact Engineering, Vol. 21, No. 1-2, pp. 61-75.
[19] Kistler, L. S., Waas, A. M., 1999. “On the response of curved laminated panels subjected to transverse impact loads”, International Journal of Solids and Structures, Vol. 36, No. 9, pp. 1311-1327.
[20]  Wang, W., Sheikh, M. N., Hadi, M. N., 2015. “Behaviour of perforated GFRP tubes under axial compression”, Thin-Walled Structures, Vol. 95, No. 7, pp. 88-100.
[21] Mahdi, E., Sebaey, T. A., 2014. “An experimental investigation into crushing behavior of radially stiffened GFRP composite tubes”, Thin-Walled Structures, Vol. 76, No. 2, pp. 8-13.
[22] Kara, M., Uyaner, M., Avci, A., 2015. “Repairing impact damaged fiber reinforced  composite  pipes  by external wrapping with composite patches”, Composite Structures, Vol. 123, No. 14, pp. 1-8.
[23] Mahdi, E., Hamouda, A. M. S., Sebaey, T. A., 2014. “The effect of fiber orientation on the energy absorption capability of axially crushed composite tubes”, Materials & Design, Vol. 56, No. 6, pp. 923- 928.
[24] Ahmad, Z., Thambiratnam, D. P., 2009. “Crushing response of foam-filled conical tubes under quasi- static axial loading”, Materials & Design, Vol. 30, No. 7, pp. 2393-2403.
[25] Dassault System’s Simulia Corp., 2010. “The ABAQUS6.10-1 user’s manual”, USA.
[26] Farooq, U., Myler, P., 2015. “ Prediction of load threshold of fibre-reinforced laminated composite panels subjected to low velocity drop-weight impact using efficient data filtering techniques”, Results in Physics, Vol. 5, pp. 206-221.
[27] Choubini, M., Liaghat, G. H., Pol, M. H., 2014. “Investigation of energy absorption and deformation of thin walled tubes with circle and square section geometries under transverse impact loading”, Modares Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 75-83. (in Persian)
[28] Davies, G. A. O., Zhang, X., 1995. “Impact damage prediction in carbon composite structures”, International Journal of Impact Engineering, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 149-170.