تحلیل و بهینه‌سازی خواص مکانیکی بایوکامپوزیت‌های تقویت شده با الیاف کناف و نانو ذرات گرافن در حضور سازگارکننده

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مکانیک، دانشکده مکانیک، دانشگاه ولایت ایرانشهر، ایرانشهر، ایران

2 دانشکده مهندسی مکانیک، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران

چکیده

در این مقاله به بررسی خواص مکانیکی در بایوکامپوزیت‌های تقویت شده با الیاف طبیعی کناف/ نانوگرافن در زمینه پلی پروپیلن با اضافه کردن سازگار کننده پرداخته شده است. از روش آماری سطح پاسخ با رویکرد باکس-بهنکن جهت بررسی و ارائه مدل ریاضی برای رفتار بایوکامپوزیت با توجه به پارامترهای درصد وزنی الیاف کناف، درصد وزنی نانوگرافن و درصد وزنی سازگارکننده استفاده شده است. رفتار نمونه‌ها تحت آزمون‌های کشش، خمش و ضربه تحلیل گردید و نتایج با استفاده از تصاویر میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی توجیه شد. سطح شکست نمونه‌ها نشان داد مکانیزم اصلی در بهبود رفتار بایوکامپوزیت معرفی شده، شکست الیاف و جدایش به همراه بیرون کشیدگی الیاف از ماده زمینه است. فرایند بهینه‌سازی چند هدفه با دو روش فراابتکاری و تابع مطلوبیت انجام گردید. بهینه‌سازی، با هدف افزایش استحکام خمشی، ضربه و کشش، و همزمان کاهش وزن نمونه‌ها انجام گردید و درصد وزنی الیاف، نانو ذرات و سازگارکننده به عنوان متغییرهای مسئله تعریف گردیدند. نتایج نشان داد نمونه بایوکامپوزیت با درصد‌های بهینه پارامترهای طراحی، در سه خاصیت مکانیکی شامل، استحکام کششی، ضربه و خمشی به ترتیب برابر 28/5 مگاپاسکال، 92/29 ژول بر متر و 50 مگاپاسکال است. در پایان حالت بهینه نشان داد، وزن نمونه بایوکامپوزیت را می‌توان تا 32 درصد کاهش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis and Optimization of Mechanical Properties of Biocomposites Reinforced with Kenaf Fibers/Graphene in the Presence of Compatibilizers

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Taghipoor 1
  • Jaber Mirzaei 2
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Velayat University, Iranshahr, Iran
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
چکیده [English]

This article examines the mechanical properties of bio-composites reinforced with kenaf fibers and nano-graphene within a polypropylene matrix by adding a compatibilizer. The response surface methodology with the Box-Behnken approach was used to investigate and present a mathematical model for the behavior of the bio-composite considering the parameters of fiber weight percentage, nano-graphene weight percentage, and compatibilizer weight percentage. The behavior of the samples was analyzed under tensile, bending, and impact tests, and the results were justified using FE-SEM. The fracture surface of the samples indicated that the main mechanism for improving the introduced bio-composite behavior is fiber fracture and fiber pull-out. Multi-objective optimization was carried out using two meta-heuristic methods and the desirability function. The optimization aimed to increase the flexural, impact, and tensile strength while simultaneously reducing the weight of the samples, with the weight percentages of the fibers, nanoparticles, and compatibilizer defined as the problem variables. The results showed that the bio-composite sample with the optimal design parameters has three mechanical properties, including tensile strength, impact strength, and flexural strength, equal to 28.5MPa, 92.29J/m, and 50MPa, respectively. Finally, the optimal state showed that the weight of the bio-composite sample could be reduced by up to 32%.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Mechanical Properties
  • Optimization
  • Design of experiment
  • Compatibilizer
  • Natural fibers

مراجع

[1] V.K. Thakur, M.K. Thakur, R.K. Gupta, Rapid synthesis of graft copolymers from natural cellulose fibers, Carbohydrate Polymers, 98(1) (2013) 820-828.
[2] M. Shariati, H. Hatami, H.R. Eipakchi, H. Yarahmadi, H. Torabi, Experimental and Numerical Investigations on Softening Behavior of POM Under Cyclic Strain-Controlled Loading, Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 50(15) (2011) 1576-1582.
[3] Y. Sahloddin, A. Dalvand, M. Ahmadi, H. Hatami, M. Houshmand Khaneghahi, Performance evaluation of built-up composite beams fabricated using thin-walled hollow sections and self-compacting concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 305 (2021) 124645.
[4] H. Hatami, M. Shariati, Numerical and Experimental Investigation of SS304L Cylindrical Shell with Cutout Under Uniaxial Cyclic Loading, Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Mechanical Engineering, 43(2) (2019) 139-153.
[5] H. Hatami, A.B. Fathollahi, Theoretical and Numerical Study and Comparison of the Inertia Effects on the Collapse Behavior of Expanded metal tube Absorber with Single and Double Cell under Impact Loading, Amirkabir Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 50(5) (2018) 999-1014.
[6] A. Ghodsbin Jahromi, H. Hatami, Numerical Behavior Study of Expanded Metal Tube Absorbers and Effect of Cross Section Size and Multi-Layer under Low Axial Velocity Impact Loading, Amirkabir Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 49(4) (2018) 685-696.
[7] H.P.S. Abdul Khalil, M.Y. Nur Firdaus, M. Anis, R. Ridzuan, The Effect of Storage Time and Humidity on Mechanical and Physical Properties of Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch and Rubberwood, Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 47(10) (2008) 1046-1053.
[8] V. Fiore, T. Scalici, G. Di Bella, A. Valenza, A review on basalt fibre and its composites, Composites Part B: Engineering, 74 (2015) 74-94.
[9] D. Rouison, M. Sain, M. Couturier, Resin transfer molding of natural fiber reinforced composites: cure simulation, Composites Science and Technology, 64(5) (2004) 629-644.
[10] J.G. Teng, J.-F. Chen, S. Smith, L. Lam, T. Jessop, Behaviour and strength of FRP-strengthened RC structures: A state-of-the-art review, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Structures and Buildings, 156 (2003) 334-335.
[11] J. Singh, S. Sehijpal, V. Dhawan, Influence of fiber volume fraction and curing temperature on mechanical properties of jute/PLA green composites, Polymers and Polymer Composites, 28 (2020) 096739111987287.
[12] G. Qi, B. Zhang, Y. Yu, Research on carbon fiber/epoxy interfacial bonding characterization of transverse fiber bundle composites fabricated by different preparation processes: Effect of fiber volume fraction, Polymer Testing, 52 (2016) 150-156.
[13] T. Yu, Y. Li, J. Ren, Preparation and properties of short natural fiber reinforced poly(lactic acid) composites, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 19 (2009) s651-s655.
[14] P. Song, Z. Cao, Y. Cai, L. Zhao, Z. Fang, S. Fu, Fabrication of exfoliated graphene-based polypropylene nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties, Polymer, 52(18) (2011) 4001-4010.
[15] B. Yuan, C. Bao, L. Song, N. Hong, K.M. Liew, Y. Hu, Preparation of functionalized graphene oxide/polypropylene nanocomposite with significantly improved thermal stability and studies on the crystallization behavior and mechanical properties, Chemical Engineering Journal, 237 (2014) 411-420.
[16] M. Nouri-Niyaraki, F. Ashenai Ghasemi, I. Ghasemi, S. Daneshpayeh, Experimental analysis of graphene nanoparticles and glass fibers effect on mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene/EPDM based nanocomposites, Journal of Science and Technology of Composites, 5(2) (2018) 169-176.
[17] V.A.J. M.M.shokrieh, Manufacturing and experimental characterization of Graphene/Polypropylene nanocomposites, Modares Mechanical Engineering, 13(11) (2014) 55-63.
[18] F.A. Ghasemi, M.N. Niyaraki, I. Ghasemi, S. Daneshpayeh, Predicting the tensile strength and elongation at break of PP/graphene/glass fiber/EPDM nanocomposites using response surface methodology, Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 28(10) (2021) 981-989.
[19] V. Tserki, P. Matzinos, C. Panayiotou, Novel biodegradable composites based on treated lignocellulosic waste flour as filler. Part II. Development of biodegradable composites using treated and compatibilized waste flour, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 37(9) (2006) 1231-1238.
[20] W. Liu, A.K. Mohanty, P. Askeland, L.T. Drzal, M. Misra, Influence of fiber surface treatment on properties of Indian grass fiber reinforced soy protein based biocomposites, Polymer, 45(22) (2004) 7589-7596.
[21] K. Prashantha, J. Soulestin, M.F. Lacrampe, M. Claes, G. Dupin, P. Krawczak, Multi-walled carbon nanotube filled polypropylene nanocomposites based on masterbatch route: Improvement of dispersion and mechanical properties through PP-g-MA addition, Express Polymer Letters, 2 (2008) 735-745.
[22] J. Boonlertsamut, R. Wongpajan, S. Thumsorn, H. Hamada, Effects of Compatibilizers on Properties of Polypropylene/Bamboo Fiber Composites, Key Engineering Materials, 728 (2017) 301-306.
[23] M.L. López-Quintanilla, S. Sanchez, L. Ramos, R. Miranda, Preparation and mechanical properties of PP/PP-g-MA/Org-MMT nanocomposites with different MA content, Polymer Bulletin, 57 (2006) 385-393.
[24] J. Mirzaei, A. Fereidoon, A. Ghasemi-Ghalebahman, Experimental study on mechanical properties of polypropylene nanocomposites reinforced with a hybrid graphene/PP-g-MA/kenaf fiber by response surface methodology, Journal of Elastomers & Plastics, 53 (2021) 009524432110153.
[25] H. Taghipoor, A. Fereidoon, A. Ghasemi-Ghalebahman, J. Mirzaei, Experimental assessment of mechanical behavior of basalt/graphene/PP-g-MA-reinforced polymer nanocomposites by response surface methodology, Polymer Bulletin, 80(7) (2023) 7663-7685.
[26] M. Chaharmahali, Y. Hamzeh, G. Ebrahimi, A. Ashori, I. Ghasemi, Effects of nano-graphene on the physico-mechanical properties of bagasse/polypropylene composites, Polymer Bulletin, 71(2) (2014) 337-349.
[27] R. Rahman, S. Zhafer Firdaus Syed Putra, 5 - Tensile properties of natural and synthetic fiber-reinforced polymer composites, in: M. Jawaid, M. Thariq, N. Saba (Eds.) Mechanical and Physical Testing of Biocomposites, Fibre-Reinforced Composites and Hybrid Composites, Woodhead Publishing, 2019, pp. 81-102.
[28] H. Obasi, Effects of Native Cassava Starch and Compatibilizer on Biodegradable and Tensile Properties of Polypropylene,  (2014) 96-104.
[29] F.A. Ghasemi, G.h. Payganeh, M. Rahmani, The effect of stearic acid surface-modified calcium carbonate nanoparticles and PP-g-MA on the mechanical properties of PP/CaCO3/PP-g-MA nanocomposites, Modares Mechanical Engineering, 13(4) (2013) 139-152.
[30] A. Erklig, N. Dogan, M. Bulut, Charpy Impact Response of Glass Fiber Reinforced Composite with Nano Graphene Enhanced Epoxy, Periodicals of engineering and natural sciences, 5 (2017) 341-346.
[31] C.-Q. Li, J.-W. Zha, Z.-J. Li, D.-L. Zhang, S.-J. Wang, Z.-M. Dang, Towards balanced mechanical and electrical properties of thermoplastic vulcanizates composites via unique synergistic effects of single-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene, Composites Science and Technology, 157 (2018) 134-143.
[32] B. Akbari, R. Bagheri, Influence of PP-g-MA on Morphology, Mechanical Properties and Deformation Mechanism of Copolypropylene/Clay Nanocomposite, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 114 (2009) 3751-3759.
[33] G.d.S. Maradini, M.P. Oliveira, L.G. Carreira, D. Guimarães, D. Profeti, A.F. Dias Júnior, W.T.N. Boschetti, B.F.d. Oliveira, A.C. Pereira, S.N. Monteiro, Impact and Tensile Properties of Polyester Nanocomposites Reinforced with Conifer Fiber Cellulose Nanocrystal: A Previous Study Extension, Polymers, 13(11) (2021) 1878.
[34] S. Ahmed, K. Satyasree, R. Kumar, O. Kumar, S. Shanmugavel, A Comprehensive Review on Recent Developments of Natural Fiber Composites Synthesis, Processing, Properties, And Characterization, Engineering Research Express, 5 (2023).
[35] R.C. Eberhart, J. Kennedy, A new optimizer using particle swarm theory, MHS'95. Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Micro Machine and Human Science,  (1995) 39-43.
[36] R.C. Eberhart, Y. Shi, J. Kennedy, Swarm Intelligence, Elsevier, 2021.
نشریه مهندسی مکانیک امیرکبیر
دوره 56، شماره 2
1403
صفحه 241-272

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار