نشریه مهندسی مکانیک امیرکبیر

نشریه مهندسی مکانیک امیرکبیر

بررسی تجربی ناپایداری سرج در محفظه حلزونی کمپرسور گریز از مرکز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشکده مهندسی مکانیک، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف، تهران، ایران.
2 دانشکده مهندسی مکانیک، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف، تهران، ایران
چکیده
پدیده سرج به‌عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین ناپایداری‌های عملکردی کمپرسورهای گریز از مرکز، به‌ویژه در دبی‌های جرمی پایین، می‌تواند موجب نوسانات شدید فشار، جریان بازگشتی و آسیب‌های مکانیکی گردد. در این تحقیق، ناپایداری سرج در یک کمپرسور گریز از مرکز مبتنی بر توربوشارژر، به‌صورت تجربی و در سرعت‌های دورانی بالا بررسی شد. ابتدا منحنی مشخصه کمپرسور در چند سرعت دورانی استخراج گردید. سپس داده‌برداری سریع با نرخ 1000 نمونه بر ثانیه و در بازه 3 ثانیه، در سرعت‌های 57000، 80000 و 90000 دور بر دقیقه انجام شد و فشار استاتیک در سه نقطه از مسیر جریان (به‌ویژه در محدوده حلزونی) ثبت گردید. تحلیل آماری و تحلیل حوزه فرکانس با استفاده از تبدیل فوریه سریع برای شناسایی شاخص‌های ناپایداری به کار رفت. نتایج نشان داد که در سرعت‌های 57000 و 80000 دور بر دقیقه تغییرات انحراف معیار با کاهش دبی جرمی محدود بوده و تشخیص ورود قطعی به سرج صرفاً بر این اساس امکان‌پذیر نیست؛ در مقابل، در سرعت 90000 دور بر دقیقه افزایش محسوس دامنه نوسانات فشار مشاهده شد. همچنین در حالت ناپایدار، یک مؤلفه فرکانسی غالب در حوالی 47 هرتز به‌طور مشخص برانگیخته شده و با کاهش پارامتر جرمی تقویت گردید. مقایسه نقاط اندازه‌گیری نشان داد شدت نوسانات در قسمت انتهایی حلزونی و قبل از خروجی آن بیشینه بوده و دامنه نوسانات فشار تا حدود 2.6 برابر افزایش یافته است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Experimental Investigation of Surge Instability in the Centrifugal Compressor Volute

نویسندگان English

Amin Anjomrouz 1
Mohamad Sadeq Karimi 2
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Surge, as one of the most important operational instabilities of centrifugal compressors, especially at low mass flow rates, can cause severe pressure fluctuations, reverse flow, and mechanical damage. In this study, surge instability in a turbocharger-based centrifugal compressor was investigated experimentally and at high rotational speeds. First, the compressor characteristic curve was extracted at several rotational speeds. Then, rapid data acquisition was performed at a rate of 1000 samples per second and in an interval of 3 seconds, at speeds of 57000, 80000, and 90000 rpm, and the static pressure was recorded at three points in the volute region. Statistical and frequency domain analysis using fast Fourier transform were used to identify instability indicators. The results showed that at speeds of 57000 and 80000 rpm, the changes in standard deviation with decreasing mass flow rate were limited and it was not possible to detect a definite surge entry based on this alone; in contrast, at speed of 90000 rpm, a noticeable increase in the amplitude of pressure fluctuations was observed. Also, in the unstable state, a dominant frequency component around 47 Hz was clearly excited and was strengthened by decreasing the mass parameter. Comparison of measurement points showed that the intensity of fluctuations was maximum at the end of volute, before its outlet and the amplitude of pressure fluctuations increased by about 2.6 times.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Centrifugal Compressor
Surge Instability
High Rotational Speed
Volute
Fast Fourier Transform
[1] A. Anjomrouz, S. Ghadiri, A. Imani, A review on the structures and characteristics of micro-turbojet engines, Journal of Solid and Fluid Mechanics, 13(5) (2023) 59-76.
[2] A. Imani, A. Anjomrouz, A. Rasti, Reducing the Specific Fuel Consumption of a Micro-Turbojet Engine by Converting it into a Micro-Turbofan Engine, Fluid Mechanics & Aerodynamics, 12(1) (2023) 49-64.
[3] A. Imani, A. Anjomrouz, Design and Simulation of a Control System for a Single Spool Mixed-Flow Small Turbofan Engine, Journal of Aeronautics, Astronautics and Aviation, 57(1) (2025) 1-12.
[4] M.P. Boyce, Centrifugal Compressors: A Basic Guide, PennWell, 2003.
[5] K.T. Lim, S.Y. Yoon, C.P. Goyne, Z. Lin, P.E. Allaire, Design and Characterization of a Centrifugal Compressor Surge Test Rig, International Journal of Rotating Machinery, 2011(1) (2011) 738275.
[6] R.L. Elder, M.E. Gill, A Discussion of the Factors Affecting Surge in Centrifugal Compressors, Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 107(2) (1985) 499-506.
[7] M.P. Wernet, M.M. Bright, G.J. Skoch, An Investigation of Surge in a High-Speed Centrifugal Compressor Using Digital PIV, Journal of Turbomachinery, 123(2) (2000) 418-428.
[8] K.K. Botros, S. Ganesan, Dynamic Instabilities in Industrial Compression Systems with Centrifugal Compressors, in:  Proceedings of the 37th Turbomachinery Symposium, Texas A&M University, 2008.
[9] A.X. Liu, X.Q. Zheng, Methods of surge point judgment for compressor experiments, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 51 (2013) 204-213.
[10] X. Zheng, Z. Sun, T. Kawakubo, H. Tamaki, Experimental investigation of surge and stall in a turbocharger centrifugal compressor with a vaned diffuser, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 82 (2017) 493-506.
[11] X. Xue, T. Wang, T. Zhang, B. Yang, Mechanism of stall and surge in a centrifugal compressor with a variable vaned diffuser, Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 31(6) (2018) 1222-1231.
[12] J. Galindo, J.R. Serrano, H. Climent, A. Tiseira, Experiments and modelling of surge in small centrifugal compressor for automotive engines, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 32(3) (2008) 818-826.
[13] B. Semlitsch, V. Jyothishkumar, M. Mihaescu, L. Fuchs, E.J. Gutmark, Investigation of the Surge Phenomena in a Centrifugal Compressor Using Large Eddy Simulation, in:  ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, 2013.
[14] M. Dumas, H.D. Vo, H. Yu, Post-Surge Load Prediction for Multi-Stage Compressors via CFD Simulations, in:  ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, 2015.
[15] S. Pakle, K. Jiang, Design of a high-performance centrifugal compressor with new surge margin improvement technique for high speed turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power Research, 7(1) (2018) 19-29.
[16] J.T. Gravdahl, O. Egeland, S.O. Vatland, Drive torque actuation in active surge control of centrifugal compressors, Automatica, 38(11) (2002) 1881-1893.
[17] B. Bøhagen, J.T. Gravdahl, Active surge control of compression system using drive torque, Automatica, 44(4) (2008) 1135-1140.
[18] A. Anjomrouz, A. Hajilouy Benisi, Surge phenomenon in centrifugal compressor and its detection by experimental method, in:  27th Annual International Conference of the Iranian Society of Mechanical Engineers, Tehran, Iran, 2019. (In Persian).
[19] A. Anjomrouz, M.S. Karimi, Combined axial-centrifugal compressor performance evaluation under tip clearance effects, Aerospace Science and Technology, 177 (2026) 112775.
[20] A. Anjomrouz, M.S. Karimi, S.K. Hannani, Aerodynamic optimization of the combined axial-centrifugal compressor: a deep learning assisted two-step optimization approach, Energy Conversion and Management: X, 30 (2026) 101911.
[21] A.F. El-Sayed, Fundamentals of aircraft and rocket propulsion, Springer, 2016.
[22] A. Anjomrouz, W. Zou, W. Kong, B. Wang, X. Zheng, Surrogate-assisted Multi-component Aerodynamic Optimization of Centrifugal Compressor Towards Performance Improvement of Adaptive Cycle Engine, Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics, 18(12) (2025) 2941-2952.
[23] D.G. Wilson, T. Korakianitis, The Design of High-Efficiency Turbomachinery and Gas Turbines, The MIT Press, 2014.
[24] N. Khoshkalam, M. Mojaddam, K.R. Pullen, Characterization of the Performance of a Turbocharger Centrifugal Compressor by Component Loss Contributions, Energies, 12(14) (2019) 2711.
[25] B.C. Nakra, K.K. Chaudhry, Instrumentation, Measurement And Analysis, Fourth ed., McGraw Hill, 2017.
[26] R. Bontempo, M. Cardone, M. Manna, G. Vorraro, A statistical approach to the analysis of the surge phenomenon, Energy, 124 (2017) 502-509.
[27] A. Anjomrouz, M.S. Karimi, Performance prediction and parametric study of the combined axial-centrifugal compressor, International Journal of Engine Research, 27(5) (2026) 797-811.