مدل‌سازی انتقال خرده‌های حفاری توسط فوم در شرایط یک چاه افقی با استفاده از دینامیک سیالات محاسباتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده مهندسی نفت و گاز، دانشگاه صنعتی سهند، تبریز، ایران

2 دانشکده مهندسی نفت و گاز، دانشگاه صنعتی سهند ، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

انتقال مطلوب خرده‌های ‌حفاری یکی از پارامترهای تاثیرگذار در سرعت عملیات حفاری می‌باشد. فوم به‌دلیل ویژگی‌های منحصر‌ به‌فردی از‌جمله چگالی پایین و گرانروی بالا، می‌تواند منجر به کاهش مشکلات عملیاتی در مقایسه با سیالات معمول حفاری شود. در این مقاله، انتقال خرده‌های‌حفاری توسط فوم در محیط دینامیک سیالات محاسباتی بررسی گردید. بدین منظور، جریان چندفازی خرده-سیال با استفاده از مدل ‌اویلرین توصیف و رئولوژی فوم نیز توسط مدل غیرنیوتنی قانون‌توان ارائه گردید. همچنین تاثیر پارامترهای کیفیت و سرعت تزریق فوم، اندازه خرده‌ها، شرایط خروج ‌از ‌مرکزی لوله‌ها و نیز سرعت چرخش لوله‌های‌حفاری بر عملکرد فوم در تمیزسازی چاه مطالعه شد. نتایج حاصله از مدل نیز با داده‌های آزمایشگاهی صحت‌سنجی گردید. براساس نتایج، افزایش کیفیت فوم منجر به بهبود انتقال خرده‌های‌حفاری به‌علت افزایش ویسکوزیته فوم گردید. همچنین افزایش سرعت تزریق فوم به‌واسطه تخریب بستر ساکن خرده‌ها سبب کاهش غلظت خرده‌های درون چاه شد. نتایج نشان داد که خارج شدن لوله‌ها از شرایط هم‌مرکزی باعث تجمع خرده‌ها در محیط چاه می‌شود. با این‌حال، اعمال سرعت چرخشی به لوله‌های حفاری سبب بهبود تمیزسازی چاه گردید، به‌طوری‌که افزایش سرعت چرخش لوله‌ها به‌میزان 40 دور بر دقیقه در حضور فوم موجب کاهش 8/1 و 4/1 برابری غلظت خرده‌ها در شرایط چاه هم‌مرکز و خارج ‌از‌ مرکز شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Modeling of Drilling Cuttings Transport by Foam in Horizontal Well Condition Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ehsan Vaziri 1
  • Mohammad Simjoo 2
  • Mohammad Chahardowli 2
1 Faculty of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
2 Faculty of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Efficient cuttings transport is one of the most important parameters affecting the drilling rate of wells. Foam has a great potential to reduce drilling problems compared to conventional drilling fluids due to its unique properties such as low density and high viscosity. In this paper, cuttings transport with foam was studied using a computational fluid dynamics approach. In this study, the Eulerian multiphase model was used to describe cuttings-fluid mixture flow. Foam rheology was expressed by the non-Newtonian power-law model. Effects of foam quality and injection velocity, cuttings size, pipe eccentricity and rotational speed of drill pipes were studied. Modeling results were also compared with experimental data. Results showed that the increase of foam quality improved hole-cleaning operation mainly due to the enhanced foam viscosity. The increase in foam injection velocity led to a reduction in in-situ cuttings concentration. This was due to the foam capability to destruct stationary cuttings bed. It was found that pipe eccentricity resulted in the accumulation of cuttings in the annulus. But, an increase of the drill pipe rotational speed provided a better hole-cleaning, so that by increasing the rotational speed to 40 RPM, cuttings concentration decreased by 1.8 and 1.4 times in concentric and eccentric pipe, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Computational fluid dynamics
  • Drilling cuttings transport
  • Foam
  • Horizontal well
[1] J. Li, S. Walker, Sensitivity analysis of hole cleaning parameters in directional wells, SPE Journal, 6(04) (2001) 356-363.
[2] T. Yan, K. Wang, X. Sun, S. Luan, S. Shao, State-of-the-art cuttings transport with aerated liquid and foam in complex structure wells, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 37 (2014) 560-568.
[3] Y. Wang, C. Thiberville, S.I. Kam, Modeling of foam-assisted wellbore cleanup and drilling processes with both dry-and wet-foam rheological properties, in:  SPE Trinidad and Tobago Section Energy Resources Conference, Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2018.
[4] A. Saxena, A. Pathak, K. Ojha, S. Sharma, Experimental and modeling hydraulic studies of foam drilling fluid flowing through vertical smooth pipes, Egyptian journal of petroleum, 26(2) (2017) 279-290.
[5] A. Martins, A. Lourenco, C. De Sa, Foam properties requirements for proper hole cleaning while drilling horizontal wells in underbalanced conditions, in:  SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2000.
[6] Y. Li, E. Kuru, Numerical modelling of cuttings transport with foam in horizontal wells, Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, 42(10) (2003).
[7] E.M. Ozbayoglu, S.Z. Miska, T. Reed, N. Takach, Cuttings transport with foam in horizontal & highly-inclined wellbores, in:  SPE/IADC Drilling Conference, Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2003.
[8] M. Ozbayoglu, S. Miska, T. Reed, N. Takach, Using foam in horizontal well drilling: A cuttings transport modeling approach, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 46(4) (2005) 267-282.
[9] Z. Chen, R.M. Ahmed, S.Z. Miska, N.E. Takach, M. Yu, M.B. Pickell, J.H. Hallman, Experimental study on cuttings transport with foam under simulated horizontal downhole conditions, SPE Drilling & Completion, 22(04) (2007) 304-312.
[10] M. Duan, S. Miska, M. Yu, N.E. Takach, R.M. Ahmed, J.H. Hallman, Experimental study and modeling of cuttings transport using foam with drillpipe rotation, SPE Drilling & completion, 25(03) (2010) 352-362.
[11] J. Xu, E. Ozbayoglu, S.Z. Miska, M. Yu, N. Takach, Cuttings Transport with Foam in Highly Inclined Wells at Simulated Downhole Conditions/Transport urobku wiertniczego przy użyciu piany w silnie nachylonych otworach w symulowanych warunkach w otworze, Archives of Mining Sciences, 58(2) (2013) 481-494.
[12] R. Rooki, F.D. Ardejani, A. Moradzadeh, M. Norouzi, Simulation of cuttings transport with foam in deviated wellbores using computational fluid dynamics, Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology, 4(3) (2014) 263-273.
[13] O. Heydari, E. Sahraei, P. Skalle, Investigating the impact of drillpipe's rotation and eccentricity on cuttings transport phenomenon in various horizontal annuluses using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 156 (2017) 801-813.
[14] S. Akhshik, M. Rajabi, CFD-DEM modeling of cuttings transport in underbalanced drilling considering aerated mud effects and downhole conditions, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 160 (2018) 229-246.
[15] J. Zhang, W. Luo, C. Li, T. Wan, Z. Zhang, C. Zhou, Study of the cuttings transport in stable foam drilling, Oil & Gas Science and Technology–Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles, 73 (2018) 30.
[16] B. Shao, Y. Yan, X. Yan, Z. Xu, A study on non-spherical cuttings transport in CBM well drilling by coupled CFD-DEM, Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, 13(1) (2019) 579-590.
[17] ANSYS FLUENT, Fluent User’s Guide, version 15, ANSYS Inc.
[18] A.T. Bourgoyne Jr, K.K. Millheim, M.E. Chenevert, F.S. Young Jr, Applied drilling engineering. Volume 2,  (1986).
[19] T. Larsen, A. Pilehvari, J. Azar, Development of a new cuttings-transport model for high-angle wellbores including horizontal wells, SPE Drilling & Completion, 12(02) (1997) 129-136.
[20] T.R. Sifferman, G.M. Myers, E.L. Haden, H.A. Wahl, Drill cutting transport in full scale vertical annuli, Journal of Petroleum Technology, 26(11) (1974) 1,295-291,302.
[21] D. Graham, T. Jones, Settling and transport of spherical particles in power-law fluids at finite Reynolds number, Journal of non-newtonian fluid mechanics, 54 (1994) 465-488.
[22] P. Saffman, The lift on a small sphere in a slow shear flow, Journal of fluid mechanics, 22(2) (1965) 385-400.
[23] M.E. Ozbayoglu, A. Saasen, M. Sorgun, K. Svanes, Effect of pipe rotation on hole cleaning for water-based drilling fluids in horizontal and deviated wells, in:  IADC/SPE Asia Pacific Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition, Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2008.
[24] S. Walker, J. Li, The effects of particle size, fluid rheology, and pipe eccentricity on cuttings transport, in:  SPE/ICoTA Coiled Tubing Roundtable, Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2000.