تحلیل حساسیت رفتار شکست در کامپوزیت کربن- اپوکسی در نرخ‌های جابجایی مختلف تحت بارگذاری مود اول کششی با آنالیز رگرسیون

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 سمنان-مهندسی مکانیک

2 دانشگاه سمنان

3 دانشگاه مالاگا

چکیده

در این مقاله، تحلیل حساسیت تاثیر نرخ جابجایی در بارگذاری مود اول کششی بر روی رفتار شکست، در کامپوزیت کربن- اپوکسی، مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. برای این منظور، آزمایش کشش براساس استاندارد ASTM-D5528 بر روی نمونه‌های تیر یکسر گیردار دو لبه و تحت بار اعمالی بصورت جابجایی- کنترل و با نرخ‌های جابجایی 05/0، 5/0، 5 و 50 میلیمتر بر دقیقه انجام شد. برای پارامترهای استخراج‌شده از داده‌های تجربی، آنالیز رگرسیون با استفاده از نرم‌افزار مینی‌تب، انجام گردید. تحلیل حساسیت نرخ جابجایی و لگاریتم مقدار آن در بارگذاری کششی، بر سه مشخصه شکست در نمونه‌های تیر یکسر گیردار دو لبه کامپوزیتی، بررسی شد. این پارامترهای مکانیک شکست شامل نرخ رهایی انرژی کرنشی (با سه روش انرژی شکست)، ماکزیمم نیروی شکست و ماکزیمم جابجایی دهانه ترک اولیه (با تکنیک پردازش تصویر دیجیتال) بود. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که تغییرات نرخ جابجایی، براساس تابع درجه سوم از نرخ جابجایی، بر ماکزیمم نیروی شکست و نرخ رهایی انرژی کرنشی، تاثیرگذار می‌باشد و این مقادیر به تغییرات نرخ جابجایی، حساس می‌باشند. اما مقدار جابجایی ماکزیمم دهانه ترک اولیه در کامپوزیت، به لگاریتم نرخ جابجایی در بارگذاری کششی، وابسته است. در نهایت، الگوی تغییراتی مشخصه‌های مکانیک شکست کامپوزیت، بصورت افزایشی با افزایش نرخ جابجایی بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Sensitivity analysis of fracture behavior in carbon-epoxy composite at different displacement rates under mode I tensile loading by regression analysis

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Azadi 1
  • Mostafa Saeedi 2
  • Mehdi Mokhtari Shirazabad 3
  • Pablo Lopez-Crespo 3
1 سمنان-مهندسی مکانیک
2 Semnan University
3 Malaga University
چکیده [English]

In this article, the sensitivity analysis of the displacement rate effect under tensile loading on the crack growth behavior in the carbon-epoxy composite has been investigated. For this objective, the tensile test was performed on double cantilever beam samples, according to the ASTM-D5528 standard under displacement-controlled loading and under displacement rates of 0.05, 0.5, 5 and 50 mm/min. Then, the regression analysis was done on outputs of experimental data by the Minitab software. For this objective, the sensitivity analysis was performed on three fracture characteristics of composite specimens. These fracture mechanics parameters were the critical energy release rate (with three different fracture energy methods), the maximum failure force and the initial crack tip opening displacement by the use of the digital image correlation technique. Results showed that the variation of the displacement rate affected the maximum failure force and the energy release rate and therefore, these values were sensitive to changes in the displacement rate. However, the maximum value of the initial crack tip opening displacement of the composite was dependent on the logarithmic displacement rate under tensile loading. Finally, the changing trend of fracture mechanics characteristics in the composite was increasing by increasing the displacement rate.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sensitivity analysis
  • Fracture behavior
  • Carbon-epoxy composite
  • Displacement rate
  • Regression analysis
[1] H. Sayar, M. Azadi, A. Ghasemi-Ghalebahman, S.M. Jafari, Clustering effect on damage mechanisms in open-hole laminated carbon/epoxy composite under constant tensile loading rate, using acoustic emission, Composite Structures, 204 (2018) 1-11.
[2] M. Azadi, H. Sayar, A. Ghasemi-Ghalebahman, S.M. Jafari, Tensile loading rate effect on mechanical properties and failure mechanisms in open-hole carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites by acoustic emission approach, Composites Part B: Engineering, 158 (2019) 448-458.
[3] A. Brunner, Fracture mechanics characterization of polymer composites for aerospace applications, in:  Polymer composites in the aerospace industry, Elsevier, 2015, pp. 191-230.
[4] S. Rajan, M.A. Sutton, R. Fuerte, A. Kidane, Traction-separation relationship for polymer-modified bitumen under Mode I loading: Double cantilever beam experiment with stereo digital image correlation, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 187 (2018) 404-421.
[5] R. Brambleby, L. Louca, S. Mouring, Influence of loading rate on the mode II fracture toughness of vinyl ester GRP, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 93 (2017) 153-162.
[6] F. Mathieu, F. Hild, S. Roux, Identification of a crack propagation law by digital image correlation, International Journal of Fatigue, 36(1) (2012) 146-154.
[7] M. Mokhtari, P. Lopez-Crespo, B. Moreno, M. Zanganeh, Some experimental observations of crack-tip mechanics with displacement data, Frattura ed Integrita Strutturale, 9(33) (2015) 143-150.
[8] S.I. Thorsson, A.M. Waas, J. Schaefer, B. Justusson, S. Liguore, Effects of elevated loading rates on mode I fracture of composite laminates using a modified wedge-insert fracture method, Composites Science and Technology, 156 (2018) 39-47.
[9] H. Liu, H. Nie, C. Zhang, Y. Li, Loading rate dependency of Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness for unidirectional composite laminates, Composites Science and Technology, 167 (2018) 215-223.
[10] R. Růžek, M. Kadlec, L. Petrusova, Effect of fatigue loading rate on lifespan and temperature of tailored blank C/PPS thermoplastic composite, International Journal of Fatigue, 113 (2018) 253-263.
[11] F. Nazari, M. Safarabadi, Experimental and numerical investigation of loading speed effect on the bearing strength of glass/epoxy composite joints, Composite Structures, 195 (2018) 211-218.
[12] M. Zhang, M. Li, S. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Zhang, Y. Gu, Q. Li, Z. Zhang, The loading-rate dependent tensile behavior of CNT film and its bismaleimide composite film, Materials & Design, 117 (2017) 37-46.
[13] A. Ghasemi-Ghalebahman, H. Sayar, M. Azadi, S.M. Jafari, Failure mechanisms in open-hole laminated composites under tensile loading using acoustic emission, Journal of Science and Technology of Composites, 5(1) (2018) 143-152.
[14] M. Alizadeh, M. Azadi, S.M. Jafari, Investigation of displacement amplitude effect on failure mechanisms in open-hole laminated composites under low-cycle fatigue loading using acoustic emission, Modares Mechanical Engineering, 17(12) (2018) 435-445.
[15] A. Kariman Moghadam, S. Rahnama, S. Maleki, Experimental and numerical investigation of crack growth in adhesive bonding of two composites plates under mode I, Modares Mechanical Engineering, 16(5) (2016) 271-280.
[16] M. Azadi, M. Saeedi, M. Mokhtarishirazabad, P. Lopez-Crespo, Effects of loading rate on crack growth behavior in carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites using digital image correlation technique, Composites Part B: Engineering, 175 (2019) 107161.
[17] A. AC09036782, Standard test method for mode I interlaminar fracture toughness of unidirectional fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites, ASTM Internat., 2007.
[18] M. Azadi, M. Iziy, A. Marbout, M. Azadi, A. Hajiali Mohammadi, Optimization of solution temperature and time in nickel-based super-alloy of engine turbo-charger based on hardness by design of experiments, The Journal of Engine Research, 43(43) (2016) 63-70.
[19] D. Principale Montgomery, Design and Analysis of Experiments, in, John Wiley & Sons, 2012.
[20] M. Azadi, Analysis and improvement of a passenger car NVH behavior using DOE method, MSc Thesis, KN Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, 2008.
[21] M. Azadi, M. Alizadeh, H. Sayar, Sensitivity analysis for effects of displacement amplitude and loading frequency on low-cycle fatigue lifetime in carbon/epoxy laminated composites, in:  MATEC Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, 2018, pp. 22021.
[22] B.D. Manshadi, A.P. Vassilopoulos, J. Botsis, A combined experimental/numerical study of the scaling effects on mode I delamination of GFRP, Composites Science and Technology, 83 (2013) 32-39.
[23] R. Lopes, R. Campilho, F. Da Silva, T. Faneco, Comparative evaluation of the Double-Cantilever Beam and Tapered Double-Cantilever Beam tests for estimation of the tensile fracture toughness of adhesive joints, International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 67 (2016) 103-111.
[24] M. Saeedi, M. Azadi, M. Mokhtarishirazabad, P. Lopez‐Crespo, Numerical simulations of carbon/epoxy laminated composites under various loading rates, comparing extended finite element method and cohesive zone modeling, Material Design & Processing Communications,  (2020) e198.
[25] R. Campilho, D.C. Moura, M.D. Banea, L.F. da Silva, Adherend thickness effect on the tensile fracture toughness of a structural adhesive using an optical data acquisition method, International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 53 (2014) 15-22.
[26] M. Banea, L. Da Silva, R. Campilho, Mode I fracture toughness of adhesively bonded joints as a function of temperature: experimental and numerical study, International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 31(5) (2011) 273-279.
[27] M. De Moura, R. Campilho, J. Gonçalves, Crack equivalent concept applied to the fracture characterization of bonded joints under pure mode I loading, Composites Science and Technology, 68(10-11) (2008) 2224-2230.
[28] M. Shokrieh, M. Salamat-talab, M. Heidari-Rarani, Effect of initial crack length on the measured bridging law of unidirectional E-glass/epoxy double cantilever beam specimens, Materials & Design, 55 (2014) 605-611.
[29] M. Shokrieh, M. Heidari-Rarani, M. Ayatollahi, Delamination R-curve as a material property of unidirectional glass/epoxy composites, Materials & Design, 34 (2012) 211-218.
[30] M. Shokrieh, M. Salamat-Talab, M. Heidari-Rarani, Effect of interface fiber angle on the R-curve behavior of E-glass/epoxy DCB specimens, Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 86 (2016) 153-160.
[31] S.H. Song, G.H. Paulino, W.G. Buttlar, Influence of the cohesive zone model shape parameter on asphalt concrete fracture behavior, in: AIP Conference Proceedings, American Institute of Physics, 2008, pp. 730-735.
[32] O. Portillo, D. Cebon, Modeling mode I fracture of bitumen films, Journal of materials in civil engineering, 25(10) (2013) 1403-1414.