طراحی استراتژی ترمزگیری مشارکتی بهینه با تلفیق سیستم ترمز مکانیکی و احیاکننده برای خودروی برقی مجهز به موتوردرچرخ

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، بخش مهندسی مکانیک، کرمان، ایران

چکیده

امروزه نسل جدیدی از خودروهای الکتریکی با فنّاوری موتوردرچرخ معرفی‌شده و در حال‌ توسعه است. افزایش بازده سیستم، حذف واسطه‌های مکانیکی و دستیابی به گشتاور ترمزی احیاکننده با عملکرد بهتر، از دلایل توسعه این تکنولوژی است. در این مقاله ابتدا یک مدل پنج درجه آزادی نصف خودرو با در نظر گرفتن یک خودرو مجهز به دو موتوردرچرخ در محور عقب، به‌عنوان خودروی نمونه، توسعه داده‌شده است. سپس یک استراتژی ترمزگیری با استفاده از کنترل‌کننده غیرخطی پیش‌بین دو مرحله‌ای طراحی و پیاده‌سازی گردیده‌ است. در مرحله اول فشار مناسب برای خطوط روغن ترمز حاصل می‌شود. در مرحله دوم، مقدار مناسب گشتاور احیاکننده الکتریکی با در نظر گرفتن ظرفیت جبرانی توزیع گشتاور ترمزی سیستم ترمز و با در نظر گرفتن تمامی قیود تأثیرگذار، به‌ دست می‌آید. مقدار گشتاور احیاکننده با در نظر گرفتن قیود سیستم، با به‌کارگیری روش بهینه‌سازی مقید کاروش- کان- تاکر حاصل می‌شود. در آخر استراتژی طراحی‌شده از دیدگاه مصرف انرژی و پیمایش خودرو مورد بررسی قرار‌ می‌گیرد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد با کمک کنترل‌کننده طراحی‌شده و مدل ارائه‌شده می‌توان ترمزگیری بهینه‌ای انجام داد. از طرف دیگر با استفاده از استراتژی ترمزگیری معرفی‌شده و سیستم کنترلی طراحی‌شده می‌توان مقدار بازگشت انرژی به باتری را در حین ترمزگیری در مقایسه با استراتژی‌های موازی و سری-موازی توسعه داده شده در سایر مطالعات، افزایش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Optimal cooperative braking strategy design of regenerative and mechanical braking systems for in-wheel drive electric vehicles

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Hosseini Salari
  • Hossein Mirzaeinejad
  • Majid Fooladi Mahani
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman
چکیده [English]

Nowadays, a new generation of electric vehicles with in-wheel motor technology has been introduced and is being developed. Increasing system efficiency, eliminating mechanical intermediaries, and achieving regenerative braking torque with better performance are the motivations to seek to improve this technology. In the present study, a half-car model with five degrees of freedom has been developed by considering a vehicle equipped with two in-wheel motors on the rear axle as a sample vehicle. Then, the braking strategy has been designed using a two-stage nonlinear predictive controller. The appropriate pressure for the brake fluid lines will be reached in the first stage. In the second stage, the proper amount of electric regenerative torque is obtained using the electronic braking force distribution function and considering all constraints. The amount of regenerative torque is calculated by considering the system constraints using the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions. Finally, the designed strategy is examined from the perspective of vehicle mileage capability. The results show that optimal braking can be achieved by utilizing the designed controller and the proposed model. Also, the amount of regenerated energy to the battery can be increased during braking by using the proposed braking strategy and the designed control system in comparison with the relevant studies.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cooperative braking system
  • electric vehicle
  • regenerative braking
  • mileage
  • electric brake torque distribution system

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نشریه مهندسی مکانیک امیرکبیر
دوره 55، شماره 4
تیر 1402
صفحه 433-460

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