This study numerically investigates the effects of different arrangements of three rotating cylinders inside a tall rectangular enclosure on the flow pattern and enhancement of natural convection heat transfer. The two-dimensional, steady, single-phase flow and energy equations were solved using the finite volume method. The impact of parameters such as cylinder configurations (1 to 5), angular velocities (from -5 to +5), and relative rotation directions on the flow pattern, power required to rotate the cylinders, and heat transfer rate enhancement inside the enclosure was evaluated. Results were compared with a cylinder-free enclosure under various conditions. The presence of three cylinders, whether stationary or rotating, altered the natural convection flow pattern by splitting the primary vortex into multiple vortices of varying sizes. Counterclockwise rotation of the cylinders resulted in a greater increase in the Nusselt number compared to clockwise rotation. The greatest Nusselt number enhancement, about 47.6%, occurred in the configuration 1 at an angular velocity of -5 when all cylinders rotated synchronously. Additionally, independent rotation of cylinders with angular velocities ω=+5, ω=+5, and ω=-5 in configuration 1, increased the average Nusselt number by approximately 66%.