نشریه مهندسی مکانیک امیرکبیر

نشریه مهندسی مکانیک امیرکبیر

کنترل کننده دو لایه هوشمند مبتنی بر منطق هیسترزیس و پی‌آی‌دی برای بهبود عملکرد پمپ حرارتی خورشیدی انبساط مستقیم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه مهندسی برق، دانشگاه ملی مهارت، تهران، ایران،
2 گروه مهندسی مکانیک، دانشگاه ملی مهارت، تهران، ایران
چکیده
این پژوهش چارچوبی نوآورانه برای طراحی یک کنترل کننده دولایه هوشمند در سیستم‌های پمپ حرارتی خورشیدی انبساط مستقیم ارائه می‌دهد. این سیستم شامل اواپراتور – کلکتور خورشیدی صفحه تخت با مساحت 3.1 متر مربع، کمپرسور چرخشی هرمتیک با فرکانس متغیر، مخزن ذخیره آب گرم با حجم 0.1 متر مکعب، کندانسور لوله‌ای پره‌دار و یک لوله مویین (شیر انبساط) است. لایه نخست بر پایه منطق هیسترزیس، با بهره‌گیری از سنسورهای دمای دیجیتال DS18B20 و میکروکنترلر آردوینو، وظیفه کنترل پایه و مدیریت انرژی در شرایط عادی را برعهده دارد. این لایه به صورت تجربی طراحی و ارزیابی شده است. لایه دوم شامل یک کنترلر پی‌آی‌دی است که پارامترهای آن بر اساس مدل ARX سیستم و روش سنتز مستقیم تنظیم می‌شوند. این کنترلر در هنگام بروز اغتشاش‌های شدید نظیر تغییرات ناگهانی تابش یا دمای ورودی، فعال شده و موجب بازیابی دقت کنترلی سیستم تا سطح بهینه می‌گردد. نتایج کمی حاصل از پیاده‌سازی تجربی در سه سناریوی پایدار، اغتشاش پلکانی و تناوبی نشان می‌دهد که کنترلر پیشنهادی در مقایسه با هیسترزیس منفرد، خطای RMS دما را در شرایط پایدار از 0/95 به 0/28 درجه سلسیوس (کاهش 70/5 درصد)، تعداد سیکل‌های کمپرسور را از ۴۲ به ۳۵ (کاهش 16/6 درصد) کاهش می‌دهد. همچنین مصرف انرژی در سناریوهای اغتشاشی نسبت به هیسترزیس تنها به ترتیب 24/4٪ و 19/6٪ کاهش یافته است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

An Intelligent Two-Layer Controller Based on Hysteresis and PID Logic for Performance Improvement of a Direct-Expansion Solar Heat Pump

نویسندگان English

Abouzar Taghizadeh 1
Vahid Rezaee 2
Ehsan Abdollahzadeh 2
1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

This study proposes an innovative framework for designing a two-layer intelligent controller for direct expansion solar heat pump systems. The system consists of a flat-plate solar collector–evaporator with a surface area of 3.1 m², a variable-frequency hermetic rotary compressor, a hot-water storage tank with a volume of 0.1 m³, a finned-tube condenser, and a capillary tube (expansion valve). The first layer, based on hysteresis logic, utilizes DS18B20 digital temperature sensors and an Arduino microcontroller to perform basic control and energy management under normal operating conditions. This layer was designed and evaluated experimentally. The second layer comprises a PID controller whose parameters are tuned according to the system’s ARX model using the direct synthesis method. This controller activates under severe disturbances, such as sudden variations in solar irradiance or inlet temperature, restoring the system’s control accuracy to its optimal level. Quantitative results obtained from experimental implementation under three scenarios—steady-state, step disturbance, and periodic disturbance—demonstrate that the proposed controller, in comparison with the standalone hysteresis controller, reduces the RMS temperature error under steady-state conditions from 0.95°C to 0.28°C (a 70.5% reduction), and decreases the number of compressor on/off cycles from 42 to 35 (a 16.6% reduction). Furthermore, energy consumption under disturbance scenarios is reduced by 24.4% and 19.6%, respectively, compared to the standalone hysteresis controller.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Solar Heat Pump
PID Controller
Modeling
Hysteresis Logic
Energy
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