Experimental Investigation of Flow Induced Noise Around Circular Cylinder by Measuring Unsteady Surface Pressures

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran

Abstract

In the present study, noise emission from a circular cylinder model with 22 mm diameterand 500 mm length has been experimentally investigated. For this purpose, the surface pressurefluctuations have been measured both in spanwise and azimuthal directions by employing miniaturecondenser microphones, Pa-WM-61A. All the experiments are carried out in a subsonic wind tunnel withthe turbulence intensity of 0.3% and maximum upstream velocity of 25 m/s. The results show that tonalnoise for velocities of 10, 15 and 20 m/s takes place at vortex shedding frequencies of 98, 142 and 186Hz respectively which correspond to typical Strouhal number of 0.2. Moreover, frequency of the firstand second harmonic occurs at two and three times of the vortex shedding frequency respectively. In thisstudy, the best collapses of the surface pressure spectra at low and middle frequencies can be obtainedusing the upstream flow scales whereas at high frequencies data are collapsed by employing downstreamscales at vortex formation location. Furthermore, the longitudinal and lateral coherences can provideadequate information about the lifespan (or, inversely, the decay) of eddies and their physical size.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1] M. Zdravkovich, Flow around circular cylinders volume 1: fundamentals, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 19 (1997) 185.
[2] V. Strouhal, Über eine besondere Art der Tonerregung, Annalen der Physik, 241(10) (1878) 216-251.
[3] L. Rayleigh, XXVII. Acoustical observations. II, The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, 7(42) (1879) 149-162.
[4] H. Bénard, Formation de centres de giration a l'arrière d'un obstacle en movement, Comptes Rendus Academie des Sciences, 147 (1908) 842-839.
[5] K. Von, H. Rubach, Ueber den mechanismus des flussigkeits-und luftwiderstandes, Physikalische Zeitschrift, 13 (1912) 49-59.
[6] F. Krüger, A. Lauth, Theorie der Hiebtöne, Annalen der Physik, 349(13) (1914) 801-812.
[7] Borne, As quoted in (E. Richardson, Aeolian tones, Proceedings of the Physical Society of London, 36(1) (1923) 153), Zeitschrift Hugtechnik 3, 30
[8] L. Rayleigh, XLVIII. Æolian tones, The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, 29(172) (1915) 433-444.
[9] E. Relf, XVII. On the sound emitted by wires of circular section when exposed to an air-current, The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, 42(247) (1921) 173-176.
[10] E. Richardson, Aeolian tones, Proceedings of the Physical Society of London, 36(1) (1923) 153.
[11] E.Z. Stowell, A.F. Deming, Vortex noise from rotating cylindrical rods, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 7(3) (1936) 190-198.
[12] W. von Holle, Frequenz und schallstarkemessungen an hiebtonen, Akustische Zeitschrift, 3 (1938) 321-331.
[13] H. Fujita, H. Suzuki, A. Sagawa, T. Takaishi, The aeolian tone characteristics of a circular cylinder in high Reynolds number flow, in: 5th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference and Exhibit, 1999, pp. 1849.
[14] H. Fujita, H. Suzuki, A. Sagawa, T. Takaishi, The Aeolian tone and the surface pressure in high Reynolds  number flow, in: 6th Aeroacoustics Conference and Exhibit, 2000, pp. 2002.
[15] D. Casalino, M. Jacob, Prediction of aerodynamic sound from circular rods via spanwise statistical modelling, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 262(4) (2003) 815-844.
[16] A. Afshari, A. Dehghan, V. Kalantar, M. Farmani, Experimental investigation of surface pressure spectra beneath turbulent boundary layer over a flat plate with microphone, Modares Mechanical Engineering, 17(1) (2017) 263-272.
[17] J.F. Williams, L. Hall, Aerodynamic sound generation by turbulent flow in the vicinity of a scattering half plane, Journal of fluid mechanics, 40(4) (1970) 657-670.
[18] J.B. Barlow, W.H. Rae, A. Pope, Low-speed wind tunnel testing, (1999).
[19] S.J. Wilkins, J.W. Hall, Experimental investigation of a tandem cylinder system with a yawed upstream cylinder, Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, 136(1) (2014) 011302.
[20] M. Goody, Empirical spectral model of surface pressure fluctuations, AIAA journal, 42(9) (2004) 1788-1794.
[21] S. Gravante, A. Naguib, C. Wark, H. Nagib, Characterization of the pressure fluctuations under a fully developed turbulent boundary layer, AIAA journal, 36(10) (1998) 1808-1816.
[22] M. Bull, Wall-pressure fluctuations beneath turbulent boundary layers: some reflections on forty years of research, Journal of Sound and vibration, 190(3) (1996) 299-315.
[23] A. Afshari, A.A. Dehghan, V. Kalantar, M. Farmani, Analytical and Experimental investigation of remote microphone system response for prediction of surface pressure fluctuations, Modares Mechanical Engineering, 16(10) (2016) 155-162.
[24] M. Bull, A. Thomas, High frequency wall-pressure fluctuations in turbulent boundary layers, The Physics of Fluids, 19(4) (1976) 597-599.
[25] F.V. Hutcheson, T.F. Brooks, D.P. Lockard, M.M. Choudhari, D.J. Stead, Acoustics and Surface Pressure Measurements from Tandem Cylinder Configurations, in: 20th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, 2014, pp. 2762.
[26] É. Salze, C. Bailly, O. Marsden, E. Jondeau, D. Juvé, An experimental characterisation of wall pressure wavevector-frequency spectra in the presence of pressure gradients, in: 20th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, 2014, pp. 2909.
[27] F.J. Fahy, P. Gardonio, Sound and structural vibration: radiation, transmission and response, Elsevier, 2007.
[28] J.S. Bendat, A.G. Piersol, Random data: analysis and measurement procedures, John Wiley & Sons, 2011.
[29] G. Corcos, The structure of the turbulent pressure field in boundary-layer flows, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 18(3) (1964) 353-378.
[30] A. Herrig, M. Kamruzzaman, W. Würz, S. Wagner, Broadband airfoil trailing-edge noise prediction from measured surface pressures and spanwise length scales, International Journal of Aeroacoustics, 12(1-2) (2013) 53-82.
[31] E. Jogensen Finn, How to measuer turbulence with hotwire anemometers, Dantec Dynamics (2002).
[32] G. West, C. Apelt, The effects of tunnel blockage and aspect ratio on the mean flow past a circular cylinder with Reynolds numbers between 10 4 and 10 5, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 114 (1982) 361-377.
[33] T. Sun, Z. Gu, D. He, L. Zhang, Fluctuating pressure on two circular cylinders at high Reynolds numbers, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 41(1- 3) (1992) 577-588.
[34] F. Gu, J. Wang, X. Qiao, Z. Huang, Pressure distribution, fluctuating forces and vortex shedding behavior of circular cylinder with rotatable splitter plates, Journal of fluids and structures, 28 (2012) 263-278.
[35] P.D. Weidman, Wake transition and blockage effects on cylinder base pressures, California Institute of Technology, 1968.
[36] W.Z. Sadeh, D.B. Saharon, Turbulence effect on crossflow around a circular cylinder at subcritical Reynolds numbers (1882).
[37] A. Fage, V. M. Falkner, Further experiments on the flow around a circular cylinder, Aero. Res. Coun. 1369 (1931) 186-198.
[38] L. Jenkins, M. Khorrami, M. Choudhari, C. McGinley, Characterization of unsteady flow structures around tandem cylinders for component interaction studies in airframe noise, in: 11th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, 2005, pp. 2812.
[39] C. Norberg, Effects of Reynolds number and a lowintensity freestream turbulence on the flow around a circular cylinder, Chalmers University, Goteborg, Sweden, Technological Publications, 87(2) (1987) 1-55.
[40] M. Breuer, Large eddy simulation of the subcritical flow past a circular cylinder: numerical and modeling aspects, International journal for numerical methods in fluids, 28(9) (1998) 1281-1302.
[41] M.J. Bilka, P. Kerrian, M.H. Ross, S.C. Morris, Radiated sound from a circular cylinder in a turbulent shear layer, International Journal of Aeroacoustics, 13(7-8) (2014) 511-532.
[42] T.F. Brooks, T. Hodgson, Trailing edge noise prediction from measured surface pressures, Journal of sound and vibration, 78(1) (1981) 69-117.
Amirkabir Journal of Mechanical Engineering
Volume 51, Issue 2
May and June 2019
Pages 329-346

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics