Simulation of Biceps Femoris Muscle Growth Based on Stretch Using a Multiscale Model

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

2 Mechanical Engineering, Tehran University

3 Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Abstract

Understanding the process of muscle tissue growth is important to professionals who 
are involved in curing musculoskeletal disorders, physical medicine and rehabilitation specialists 
and orthopedic surgeons. This article investigates the development of a musculoskeletal cell and also 
determining the vulnerable areas of biceps femoris muscles due to passive strains applied on it. By 
decomposing the deformation gradient tensor to two parts, the elastic and growth, the finite growth relations 
have been applied for an isotropic hyperelastic muscle material behavior. Consequently, the continuum 
relations were combined with the growth evolution equation whrer a series of mechanobiological 
relations were obtained. To solve them, a FORTRAN user-defined material subroutine (UMAT) for the 
finite element Abaqus software was written and executed. The biceps femoris – long head muscle was 
simulated based on a 6-week period assuming as a cylinder with 10% increase in initial length. Results 
of the simulation indicate that maximum strains occur in the surfaces, not inside the muscle. They reach 
1.045 near the proximal muscle-tendon junction in the posterior layer and 1.06 in distal muscle-junction 
in interior surface. Also, these results can help a correct and optimal treatment, patient’s rehabilitation 
and orthopedic surgeries.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Amirkabir Journal of Mechanical Engineering
Volume 52, Issue 12
March 2021
Pages 3549-3566

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