Numerical Investigation of Scour Around a Cylindrical Pier in Laboratory Scale Using Euler-Lagrange Approach

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 MSc. Student, Hydraulic structures, Faculty of civil engineering, Babol noshirvani university of technology, Babol, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor , Hydraulic structures, Faculty of civil engineering, Babol noshirvani university of technology, Babol,Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Hydraulic structures, Faculty of civil engineering, Babol noshirvani university of technology, Babol, Iran.

4 Mechanical engineering department, University of Zanjan

Abstract

The placement of a pier in flow causes a three-dimensional complex flow pattern around the pier, which leads to a scouring hole around the pier. In this research, modeling of scouring around piers was performed both experimentally and numerically. In the first section of this study, two different scenarios were used to simulate the scouring process. In the two numerical models, the effect of phase coupling and drag models on the scoured bed was investigated. One-way coupling with the sphere drag model was implemented in the first scenario and four-way coupling with a nonsphere drag model in the second one. According to the results, the first model was not satisfying, but the result of the second model was in good agreement with experimental results. The maximum depth of scour at the cross-section in numerical and experimental results was equal (6 percent error). In the second section of this research, in order to study the effect of a collar on the reduction of scouring, a simple cylinder without a collar and then with the presence of a collar at two different levels were performed. The result shows that as the collar goes up, both the maximum depth and the radius of the scour hole increases.

Keywords

Main Subjects


[1] A.R. Zarrati, H. Gholami, M. Mashahir, Application of collar to control scouring around rectangular bridge piers, Journal of Hydraulic Research, 42(1) (2004) 97-103.
[2] T. Esmaeili, A. Dehghani, A. Zahiri, K. Suzuki, 3D Numerical simulation of scouring around bridge piers (Case Study: Bridge 524 crosses the Tanana River), World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 58 (2009) 1028-1032.
[3] A. Roulund, B.M. Sumer, J. Fredsøe, J. Michelsen, Numerical and experimental investigation of flow and scour around a circular pile, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 534 (2005) 351-401.
[4] A. Zarrati, M. Nazariha, M. Mashahir, Reduction of local scour in the vicinity of bridge pier groups using collars and riprap, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 132(2) (2006) 154-162.
 [5] B.W. Melville, A.J. Raudkivi, Flow characteristics in local scour at bridge piers, Journal of Hydraulic Research, 15(4) (1977) 373-380.
[6] B. Dargahi, Controlling mechanism of local scouring, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 116(10) (1990) 1197-1214.
[7] G. Deng, J. Piquet, Navierā€Stokes computations of horseshoe vortex flows, International journal for numerical methods in fluids, 15(1) (1992) 99-124.
[8] J.E. Richardson, V.G. Panchang, Three-dimensional simulation of scour-inducing flow at bridge piers, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 124(5) (1998) 530-540.
[9] N.R. Olsen, M.C. Melaaen, Three-dimensional calculation of scour around cylinders, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 119(9) (1993) 1048-1054.
[10] M. Muzzammil, T. Gangadharaiah, A. Gupta, An experimental investigation of a horseshoe vortex induced by a bridge pier, in:  Proceedings of the institution of civil engineers-water management, Thomas Telford Ltd, 2004, pp. 109-119.
[11] M. Vaghefi, M. Ghodsian, S. Salimi, The effect of circular bridge piers with different inclination angles toward downstream on scour, Sadhana, 41(1) (2016) 75-86.
[12] X. Liu, M.H. García, Three-dimensional numerical model with free water surface and mesh deformation for local sediment scour, Journal of waterway, port, coastal, and ocean engineering, 134(4) (2008) 203-217.
[13] Y. Aghaee, H. Hakimzadeh, Three dimensional numerical modeling of flow around bridge piers using LES and RANS, in:  River Flow, 2010, pp. 211-218.
[14] P. Cunha Ramos, J.P. Pêgo, R. Maia, Numerical simulation of the flow around a pier using OpenFOAM, in:  3rd IAHR Europe Congress, 2014.
[15] A. Khosronejad, S. Kang, F. Sotiropoulos, Experimental and computational investigation of local scour around bridge piers, Advances in Water Resources, 37 (2012) 73-85.
[16] L. Zhou, Numerical modelling of scour in steady flows, Doctoral dissertation, Université de Lyon, 2017.
[17] C. Baykal, B.M. Sumer, D.R. Fuhrman, N.G. Jacobsen, J. Fredsøe, Numerical simulation of scour and backfilling processes around a circular pile in waves, Coastal Engineering, 122 (2017) 87-107.
[18] C. Baykal, B.M. Sumer, D.R. Fuhrman, N.G. Jacobsen, J. Fredsøe, Numerical investigation of flow and scour around a vertical circular cylinder, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 373(2033) (2015) 20140104.
[19] S. Abdelaziz, M.-D. Bui, P. Rutschmann, Numerical simulation of scour development due to submerged horizontal jet, River Flow 2010,  (2014) 1597-1604.
[20] Y. Li, D.M. Kelly, M. Li, J.M. Harris, Development of a new 3D Euler-Lagrange model for the prediction of scour around offshore structures, Coastal Engineering Proceedings, 1(34) (2014) 31.
[21] J. Shim, G. Duan, H. Jo, Simulating Sediment Transport around a Bridge Pier Using Open FOAM Software, in:  16th World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2016: Hydraulics and Waterways and Hydro-Climate/Climate Change, American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 2016, pp. 362-369.
[22] H.K. Versteeg, W. Malalasekera, An introduction to computational fluid dynamics: the finite volume method, Pearson education, 2007.
[23] A. Lopez, LPT for erosion modeling in OpenFOAM, in, 2014.
[24] R. Kasper, J. Turnow, N. Kornev, Numerical modeling and simulation of particulate fouling of structured heat transfer surfaces using a multiphase Euler-Lagrange approach, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 115 (2017) 932-945.
[25] J.D. Schwarzkopf, M. Sommerfeld, C.T. Crowe, Y. Tsuji, Multiphase flows with droplets and particles, CRC press, 2011.
[26] H. Tofighian, E. Amani, M. Saffar-Avval, Parcel-number-density control algorithms for the efficient simulation of particle-laden two-phase flows, Journal of Computational Physics, 387 (2019) 569-588.
[27] A. Fluent, ANSYS fluent theory guide 15.0, ANSYS, Canonsburg, PA,  (2013).