Investigation of vehicle energy demand considering the modified tire power loss

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 College of Engineering (Campus 2), North Kargar ave. Tehran, Iran

2 University of Tehran

Abstract

Owing to current status of global energy consumption and greenhouse gases emission, investigation of energy demand in different sectors seems to be necessary. Meanwhile, International Energy Agency  reports imply that a considerable share of global energy use is consumed in transport sector. Thus, conducting the vehicle energy demand and influential parameters has become a demanding topic, especially in recent years. The current study investigates the vehicle energy demand considering the power losses due to tire slip. To achieve this, vehicle resistant powers are rewritten by taking the modified tire power loss into account and after that, two different passenger vehicles are chosen and simulations are performed in three well-known driving cycles. Energy demand of the selected vehicles significantly increases in a more aggressive driving cycle which comprises higher levels of longitudinal acceleration and speed. According to the results, considering the power loss due to tire slip would improve the calculation accuracy of tire losses up to 6 percent and in case of a more aggressive driving cycle and/or increased resistant forces, energy loss due to tire slip would be increased.
 

Keywords

Main Subjects


[1] IEA, Energy technology perspectives 2014, in, Paris, 2014.
[2] Regulation (EC) no. 443/200, European Parliament and Council of the European Union, 2009.
[3] T.D. Gillespie, Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics, Society of Automotive Engineers, 1992.
[4] R.N. Jazar, Vehicle Dynamics: Theory and Application, Springer US, 2008.
[5] R. Rajamani, Vehicle Dynamics and Control, Spriner, 2006.
[6] J.Y. Wong, Theory of Ground Vehicles, Wiley, 2001.
[7] J. Pavlovic, A. Marotta, B. Ciuffo, CO2 emissions and energy demands of vehicles tested under the NEDC and the new WLTP type approval test procedures, Applied Energy, 177 (2016) 661-670.
[8] Y. Jian, Y. Xu, H. Xingjun, L. Lei, W. Jingyu, Aerodynamic Optimization Research on External Shape for a Sedan Based on Numerical Simulation, in:  Fourth International Conference on Digital Manufacturing & Automation, Qingdao, China, 2013, pp. 115-117.
[9] S. Saab, J.-F. Hetet, A. Maiboom, F. Charbonnelle, Impact of the Underhood Opening Area on the Drag Coefficient and the Thermal Performance of a Vehicle, SAE Technical Papers, 2 (2013).
[10] X. Zhao, Y. Wu, J. Rong, Y. Zhang, Development of a driver simulator based eco-driving support system, Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 58 (2015).
[11] A. Jamson, D. Hibberd, N. Merat, Interface design considerations for an in-vehicle eco-driving assistance system, Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 58 (2015).
[12] J. Barrand, J. Bokar, Reducing Tire Rolling Resistance to Save Fuel and Lower Emissions, SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems, 1 (2008) 9-17.
[13] M. Guillou, C. Bradley, Fuel Consumption Testing to Verify the Effect of Tire Rolling Resistance on Fuel Economy, in, SAE International, 2010.
[14] S. D'Ambrosio, R. Vitolo, N. Salamone, E. Oliva, Active Tire Pressure Control (ATPC) for Passenger Cars: Design, Performance, and Analysis of the Potential Fuel Economy Improvement, SAE Int. J. Passeng. Cars - Mech. Syst.,  (2018).
[15] S. D’Ambrosio, R. Vitolo, Potential impact of active tire pressure management on fuel consumption reduction in passenger vehicles, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 233(4) (2019) 961-975.
[16] S. D'Ambrosio, E.F. Mameli, R. Vitolo, I. Calaon, E. Capitelli, V. Nosenzo, A. Sarcoli, Fuel Consumption Reduction on Heavy-Duty and Light-Duty Commercial Vehicles by Means of Advanced Central Tire Inflation Systems, SAE Int. J. Commer. Veh., 11(5) (2018).
[17] K. Augsburg, V. Ivanov, K. Kruchkova, K. Höpping, S. Gramstat, M. Bogdevicius, P. Kiss, Project Adtyre: Towards Dynamic Tyre Inflation Control, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 198 (2012) 185-198.
[18] K. Höpping, K. Augsburg, Dynamic Tire Pressure Control System - Analysis of the effect to longitudinal vehicle dynamics and fuel consumption, in:  58th ILMENAU SCIENTIFIC COLLOQUIUM, 2014.
[19] N. Sina, S. Nasiri, V. Karkhaneh, Effects of resistive loads and tire inflation pressure on tire power losses and CO2 emissions in real-world conditions, Applied Energy, 157 (2015) 974-983.
[20] N. Sina, V. Esfahanian, M.R. Hairi Yazdi, S. Azadi, Introducing the Modified Tire Power Loss and Resistant Force Regarding Longitudinal Slip, SAE Int. J. Passeng. Cars - Mech. Syst., 11(2) (2018) 167-176.
[21] CARSIM user's guide- tire models, 2011.
[22] H.B. Pacejka, E. Bakker, The Magic Formula Tyre Model, Vehicle System Dynamics, 21(sup001) (1992) 1-18.
[23] J. Li, Y. Zhang, J. Yi, A Hybrid Physical-Dynamic Tire/Road Friction Model, Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, 135 (2012) 011007.
[24] H.B. Pacejka, Tire and Vehicle Dynamics, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2006.
[25] W. Liang, J. Medanic, R. Ruhl, Analytical dynamic tire model, Vehicle System Dynamics 46 (2008) 197-227.
[26] T.J. LaClair, Rolling Resistance, in:  Pneumatic tire, NHTSA, 2006.
[27] N. Sina, M.R. Hairi Yazdi, V. Esfahanian, A novel method to improve vehicle energy efficiency: Minimization of tire power loss, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 234(4) (2019) 1153-1166.
[28] S. Nasiri, N. Sina, A. Eslami, Multi-objective optimisation of McPherson strut suspension mechanism kinematics using Random Search Method, Indian journal of science and technology, 8(16) (2015).
[29] E. Giakoumis, Driving and Engine Cycles, Springer, 2017.
[30] M. Tutuianu, P. Bonnel, B. Ciuffo, T. Haniu, N. Ichikawa, A. Marotta, J. Pavlovic, H. Steven, Development of the World-wide harmonized Light duty Test Cycle (WLTC) and a possible pathway for its introduction in the European legislation, Transportation Research Part D Transport and Environment, 40 (2015) 61-75.