Influence of Pseudo-Boiling Phenomenon and the Mass Flux Ratio on the Dynamics of Transcritical Shear Flame

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Aerospace Engineering Faculty, Sharif University of Technology

2 Iranian Space Research Center, Tehran, Iran

3 Aerospace Department, Sharif university of Technology

Abstract

In the present paper, the effects of the interaction of a high-density liquid oxygen jet with high-velocity hydrogen in the presence of a pseudo-boiling phenomenon are investigated. The pseudo-boiling phenomenon causes a sudden expansion in the flame, which leads to the formation of a recirculation zone. Different turbulence models have been investigated and it has been shown that the selection of a suitable turbulence model for the trans-critical reacting flow is much more important than subcritical and supercritical flames. Also, contrary to expectations, the dense core of liquid oxygen disappears faster in the non-reacting case than the reacting flow, which is due to the displacement of the mixing layer in the reacting flow due to the intense expansion (because of the pseudo-boiling phenomenon). The effects of mass flux ratio were also investigated and it was observed that by increasing the mass flux ratio from 5 to 24, a strong recirculation is formed at the flame front and the flame becomes like a bubble, similar to LOX-GCH4 flame. Increasing the mass flux ratio leads to an increase in the strength of the shear layer that causes the pseudo-boiling phenomenon to occur at a higher rate. Finally, increasing conversion of the liquid-like oxygen to gas-like conditions leads to the formation of a strong vortex in the flame front.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1]J. Oefelein, R. Dahms, G. Lacaze, J. Manin, L. Pickett, Effects of pressure on fundamental physics of fuel injection in diesel engines, Proc. of the 12th Int. Conf. on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems (ICLASS), Heidelberg, Germany, 2012.
[2]M. Oschwald, J.J. Smith, R. Branam, J. Hussong, A. Schik, B. Chehroudi, D. Talley, Injection of fluids into supercritical environments, Combustion Science and Technology, 178 (2006) 49-100.
[3]J. Bellan, Supercritical (and subcritical) fluid behavior and modeling, drops, streams, shear and mixing layers and sprays, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 26(2000) 329-366.
[4]J. A. Newman, T.A. Brzustowski, Behavior of a liquid jet near the thermodynamic critical region, AIAA J., 9(1971) 1595-1602.
[5] K. Gong, Y. Cao, Y. Feng, S. Liu, J. Qin, Influence of secondary reactions on heat transfer process during pyrolysis of hydrocarbon fuel under supercritical conditions, Applied Thermal Engineering. 159(2019) 113912.
[6]D. T. Banuti, Crossing the Widom-line-supercritical pseudo-Boiling, J. Super Fluids, 98(2015) 12-16.
[7]D.T. Banuti, K. Hannemann, Effect of injector wall heat flux on cryogenic injection, 46th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Prop Conf. Exhibition, AIAA paper 2010-7139, July 2010.
[8]S. Kawai, Direct numerical simulation of transcritical turbulent boundary layers at supercritical pressures with strong Real Fluid Effects, 54th AIAA Aero. Sci. Meeting San Diego, California, AIAA paper 2016-1934, 2016.
[9]B. Chehroudi, T.D. Talley, E. Coy, Visual characteristics and initial growth rates of round cryogenic jets at subcritical and supercritical pressures,” Physics of Fluids. 14(2) (2002) 580-861.
[10]M.C. Decker, A. Schik, U.E. Meier, R.W. Stricker, Quantitative Raman imaging investigations of mixing phenomena in high pressure cryogenic jets, Applied Optics. 37(24) (1998) 5620-5627.
[11]A. Roy, C. Segal, Experimental study of fluid jet mixing at supercritical conditions, Journal of Propulsion and Power. 26(6) (2010) 1205-1211.
[12]M. Oschwald, A. Schik, Supercritical nitrogen free jet investigated by spontaneous Raman scattering, Experiments in Fluids. 27(6) (1999) 497-506.
[13]W. Mayer, J. Telaar, R. Branam, G. Schneider, J. Hussong, Raman measurements of cryogenic injection at supercritical pressure, Heat and Mass Transfer. 39 (8) (2003) 709-719.
[14]R, Branam, W. Mayer, Characterization of cryogenic injection at supercritical pressure, Journal of Propulsion and Power. 19 (3) 2003 342-355.
[15]H. Tani, S. Teramoto, N. Yamanashi, K. Okamoto. A numerical study on a temporal mixing layer under transcritical conditions, Computers and Fluids, 85(2013) 93-104.
[16] P. E. Lapenna, Characterization of pseudo-boiling in a transcritical nitrogen jet, Physics of Fluids, 30(2018) 077106.
[17]P. E. Lapenna, F. Creta, Direct numerical simulation of transcritical jets at moderate Reynolds number, AIAA Journal, 57 (2019) 2254-2263.
[18]F. Reis, P. Obando, I. Shevchuck, J, Janicka, A. Sadiki, Numerical analysis of turbulent flow dynamics and heat transport in a round jet at supercritical conditions, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 66(2017) 172-184.
[19]H, Muller, C.A. Niedermeier, J. Mathies, M. Pfitzner, S. Hickel, Large-eddy simulation of nitrogen injection at trans- and supercritical conditions, Physics of Fluids, 28(2016) 015102.
[20]C. Largarza-Cortes, J. R Cruz, M. S. Vazquez, W. V. Rodriguez, Large-eddy simulation of transcritical and supercritical jets immersed in a quiescent enviroment, Physics of Fluids, 31(2019) 025104.
[21]H. Muller, M. Pfitzner, J. Matheis, S. Hickel, Large-eddy simulation of coaxial LN2/GH2 injection at trans- and supercritical conditions, Journal of Propulsion and Power, 32(2016) 46-56.
[22]J. Zhang, X. Zhang, T. Wang, X. Hou, A numerical study on jet characteristics under different supercritical conditions for engine applications, Applied Energy, 252(2019) 113428.
[23]W. Wei, H. Liu, M. Xie, M. Jia, M. Yue, Large eddy simulation and proper orthogonal decomposition analysis of fuel injection under trans/supercritical conditions, Computers and Fluids, 30(2019) 150-162.
[24]T. S. Park, LES and RANS simulation of cryogenic liquid nitrogen jets, Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 72(2012) 232-247.
[25]X. Petit, G. Ribert, G. Lartigue, P. Domingo, Large-Eddy simulation of supercritical fluid injection, Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 84(2013) 61-73.
[26]T. Kim, Y. Kim, S.K. Kim, Numerical study of cryogenic liquid nitrogen jets at supercritical pressures, Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 84(2013) 61-73.
[27]E. .L.S.F Antunes, A.R.R. Silva, J. M. M. Barata, RANS modeling of transcritical and supercritical nitrogen, 53rd AIAA aerospace science meeting, 2015, Kissimmee, Florid.
[28]M. Juniper, A. Tripathi, P.  Scoufiare, J.C. Rolon, S. Candel, Structure of cryogenic flames at elevated pressures, Proceeding of Combustion Insttitue, 28(1) (2000) 1103-1109.
[29]S. Candel, M. Juniper, G. Singla, P. Scouflaire, C. Rolon, Structure and dynamics of cryogenic flames at supercritical pressure, Combustion Science and Technology, 178(1) (2006) 161-192.
[30]W. Mayerm, H. Tamura, Propellant injection in a liquid oxygen/gaseous hydrogen rocket engine, Journal of Propulsion and Power. 12 (6) (1996) 1137-1147.
[31]S. Zurbach, J. Thomas, M. Sion, T. Kachler, L. Vingert, M. Habiballah, Recent advances on LOX/methane combustion for liquid rocket engine injector, 38th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propul. Conf. Exh. AIAA paper 2002-4321, July 2002.
[32]S. Candel, M. Juniper, G. Singla, P. Scouflaire, C. Rolon, Structure and dynamics of cryogenic flames at supercritical pressure, Combustion and Science Technology, 178 (2006) 161-192.
[33]G. Singla, P. Scouflaire, C. Rolon, S. Candle, Transcritical oxygen/transcritical or supercritical methane combustion, Proceeding of Combustion Insttitue. 30 (2) (2002) 2921-2928.
[34]T. Schmitt, Y. Mery, M. Boileau, S. Candel, Large-eddy simulation of oxygen/methane flames under transcritical conditions, Proceeding of Combustion Insttitue. 33 (2011) 1383-1390.
[35]J. Zips, H. Muller, M. Pfitzner, Efficient thermo-chemisty tabulation for non-premixed combustion at high-pressure conditions, Flow, Turbulence and Combustion, 101(2018) 821-850.
[36]L. Cutrone, P. de Palma, G. Pascazio, M. Napolitano, A RANS flamelet/progress-variable method for computing reacting flows of real-gas mixtures, Computer and Fluids, 39(3) (2010) 485-498.
[37]M. M. Poschner, M. Pfitzner, CFD-Simulation of injection and combustion of LOX and H2 at supercritical pressure, 48nd Aerospace Sci. Meeting, AIAA paper 2010-1144, Jan 2010.
[38]S. Pohl, M. Jarczyk, M. Pfitzner, B. Rogg, Real gas CFD simulation of hydrogen/ oxygen supercritical combustion, Progress in Propulsion Physcis, 4(2013) 583-614.
[39]T. Kim, Y. Kim, S. K. Kim, Real-fluid flamelet modeling for gaseous hydrogen/cryogenic liquid oxygen jet flames at supercritical pressure, Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 58(2) (2011) 254-262.
[40]T. Kim, Y.  Kim, S. K. Kim, Effects of pressure and inlet temperature on coaxial gaseous methane/liquid oxygen turbulet jet flame under transcritical conditions, Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 81(2013) 164-174.
[41]M. J. Seidl, M. Aigner, R. Keller, P. Gerlinger, CFD simulation of turbulent nonreacting and reacting flows for rocket engine applications, Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 121(2017) 63-77.
[42]Poinsot, T., and Veynante, D., Theoretical and numerical combustion, R.T. Edwards, Philadelphia, PA, 2001.
[43] W. P. Jones, B. E. Launder, The prediction of laminarization with a two-equation model of turbulence, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 15(2) (1972) 301-314.
[44]T. H. Shih, W. W. Liou, A. Shabbir, Z. Yang, J. Zhu, A new k -ε eddy-viscosity model for high reynolds number turbulent flows - model development and validation, Computer and Fluids. 24 (3) (1995) 227-238.
[45]F. Meter, Two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications, AIAA J. 32 (8) (1994) 1598-1605.
[46]B. F. Magnussen, On the structure of turbulence and a generalized eddy dissipation concept for chemical reaction in turbulent flow, 19th AIAA Aerospace Meeting, St. Louis, MO, AIAA Paper 1981-0042, (1981).
[47]J. Li, Z.  Zhao, A. Kazakov, F. L. Dryer, An updated comprehension chemical kinetics, International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 36(10) (2004) 566-575.
[48]G. Soave, Equation constants from a modified redlich-kwong equation of state, Chemical Engineering Science, 27(6) (1972) 1197-1203.
[49]NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Database No. 69, June 2005 Release, http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry.
[50]T. H. Chung, M. Ajlan, L.L. Lee, K. E. Starling, Generalized multiparameter correlation for nonpolar and polar fluid transport properties, Indust. Eng. Chem. Res.  27(4) (1988) 671-679.
[51]S. Chapman, T. G. Cowling, The Mathematical Theory of Nonuniform Gaes, 2nd ed, Cambrdige University Press, London. (1952).
[52]S. Takahashi, Preparation of a generalized chart for the diffuison coefficients of gases at high pressure, J. Chem Eng Japan. 7 (6) (1974) 417-420.
[53]P. Vandoormaal, G. Raithby, Enhancements of the SIMPLE method for predicting incompressile fluid flows, Num. Heat. Trans. 7 (2) (1984) 147-163.
Amirkabir Journal of Mechanical Engineering
Volume 53, Issue 9
December 2021
Pages 4961-4980

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics