Study of The Effect of Wall Temperature and Oxidant Structure on Temperature Distribution and NO Emission in Non-Premixed Combustion Furnace

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 PhD Student of Kashan University, Kashan, Iran

2 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering , Tarbiat Modares University

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the thermal condition of furnace wall and oxidant structure on NOx emission and thermal conditions inside the non-premixed combustion furnace. For this purpose, non-premixed combustion furnace simulations have been performed using OpenFOAM software. Standard k-ε turbulence model, modified eddy dissipation concept combustion model, and discrete ordinates radiation model are used in numerical simulations. In order to analyze the results of numerical simulations, chemical calculations using a well stirred reactor have also been considered. According to the results, increasing the furnace wall temperature to reach thermal insulation conditions leads to a significant increase in the average and maximum temperature inside the combustion chamber and transfers the combustion regime from flameless to high temperature. In addition, the replacement of carbon dioxide with nitrogen will be accompanied by a decrease in the combustion temperature due to physical and chemical differences between the two species. According to the results, increasing the wall temperature, despite reducing the heat loss, leads to an increase in NOx in the high temperature combustion regime. The use of carbon dioxide instead of nitrogen in an oxidizer can be considered as a way to reduce heat loss while reducing NOx emission from the non-premixed combustion furnace.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1] E. Ebrahimi Fordoei, K. Mazaheri, Effects of preheating temperature and dilution level of oxidizer, fuel composition and strain rate on NO emission characteristics in the syngas moderate or intense low oxygen dilution (MILD) combustion, Fuel, 285  119118.
[2] C. Yin, J. Yan, Oxy-fuel combustion of pulverized fuels: Combustion fundamentals and modeling, Applied Energy, 162 (2016) 742-762.
[3] A. Cavaliere, M. de Joannon, Mild combustion, Progress in Energy and Combustion science, 30(4) (2004) 329-366.
[4] Z. Mansouri, T. Boushaki, Experimental and numerical investigation of turbulent isothermal and reacting flows in a non-premixed swirl burner, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 72 (2018) 200-213.
[5] S. Xu, Y. Tu, P. Huang, C. Luan, Z. Wang, B. Shi, H. Liu, Z. Liu, Effects of wall temperature on methane MILD combustion and heat transfer behaviors with non-preheated air, Applied Thermal Engineering,  (2020) 115282.
[6] G. Szegö, B. Dally, G. Nathan, Scaling of NOx emissions from a laboratory-scale mild combustion furnace, Combustion and Flame, 154(1-2) (2008) 281-295.
[7] G. Szegö, B. Dally, G. Nathan, Operational characteristics of a parallel jet MILD combustion burner system, Combustion and Flame, 156(2) (2009) 429-438.
[8] M.H. Moghadasi, R. Riazi, S. Tabejamaat, A. Mardani, Effects of preheating and CO2 dilution on oxy-MILD combustion of natural gas, Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 141(12) (2019).
[9] Y. He, C. Zou, Y. Song, J. Luo, H. Jia, W. Chen, J. Zheng, C. Zheng, Comparison of the characteristics and mechanism of CO formation in O2/N2, O2/CO2 and O2/H2O atmospheres, Energy, 141 (2017) 1429-1438.
[10] Y. Liu, C. Zou, J. Cheng, H. Jia, C. Zheng, Experimental and numerical study of the effect of CO2 on the ignition delay times of methane under different pressures and temperatures, Energy & Fuels, 32(10) (2018) 10999-11009.
[11] P. Glarborg, L.L. Bentzen, Chemical effects of a high CO2 concentration in oxy-fuel combustion of methane, Energy & Fuels, 22(1) (2008) 291-296.
[12] S. Wang, Z. Wang, Y. He, X. Han, Z. Sun, Y. Zhu, M. Costa, Laminar burning velocities of CH4/O2/N2 and oxygen-enriched CH4/O2/CO2 flames at elevated pressures measured using the heat flux method, Fuel, 259 (2020) 116152.
[13] A. Rebola, M. Costa, P.J. Coelho, Experimental evaluation of the performance of a flameless combustor, Applied thermal engineering, 50(1) (2013) 805-815.
[14] A. Rebola, P. Coelho, M. Costa, Assessment of the performance of several turbulence and combustion models in the numerical simulation of a flameless combustor, Combustion Science and Technology, 185(4) (2013) 600-626.
[15] E. Ebrahimi Fordoei, K. Mazaheri, Numerical study of the effect of carbon dioxide injection on flame structure in flameless combustion regime, Fuel and Combustion, 13(3) (2020) 1-26 (in Persian).
[16] E. Ebrahimi Fordoei, K. Mazaheri, A. Mohammadpour, Numerical study on the heat transfer characteristics, flame structure, and pollutants emission in the MILD methane-air, oxygen-enriched and oxy-methane combustion, Energy, 218  119524.
[17] G.P. Smith, D.M. Golden, M. Frenklach, N.W. Moriarty, B. Eiteneer, M. Goldenberg, C.T. Bowman, R.K. Hanson, S. Song, W.C. Gardiner Jr, GRI 3.0 Mechanism, Gas Research Institute (http://www. me. berkeley. edu/gri_mech),  (1999).
[18] M. Lee, G. Park, C. Park, C. Kim, Improvement of Grid Independence Test for Computational Fluid Dynamics Model of Building Based on Grid Resolution, Advances in Civil Engineering, 2020 (2020).
[19] B.R.R. Baliga, I.Y. Lokhmanets, Generalized Richardson extrapolation procedures for estimating grid-independent numerical solutions, International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, (2016).
[20] I.B. Celik, U. Ghia, P.J. Roache, C.J. Freitas, Procedure for estimation and reporting of uncertainty due to discretization in CFD applications, Journal of fluids Engineering-Transactions of the ASME, 130(7) (2008).
[21] H. Wang, X. You, A.V. Joshi, S.G. Davis, A. Laskin, F. Egolfopoulos, C.K. Law, U.M. Version II, High-temperature combustion reaction model of H2, CO/C1-C4 Compounds. http://ignis. usc. edu/USC_Mech_II. htm, 2007.
[22] E. Ranzi, C. Cavallotti, A. Cuoci, A. Frassoldati, M. Pelucchi, T. Faravelli, New reaction classes in the kinetic modeling of low temperature oxidation of n-alkanes, Combustion and flame, 162(5) (2015) 1679-1691.
[23] G. Smith, Y. Tao, H. Wang, Foundational fuel chemistry model version 1.0 (FFCM-1), epub, accessed July, 26 (2016) 2018.
[24] S. Zabarnick, J. Zelina, Chemical kinetics of NOx production in a well stirred reactor, in:  Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, 1994, pp. 3828.
[25] Y. Tu, M. Xu, D. Zhou, Q. Wang, W. Yang, H. Liu, CFD and kinetic modelling study of methane MILD combustion in O2/N2, O2/CO2 and O2/H2O atmospheres, Applied Energy, 240 (2019) 1003-1013.
[26] Y. Tu, H. Liu, W. Yang, Flame characteristics of CH4/H2 on a jet-in-hot-coflow burner diluted by N2, CO2, and H2O, Energy & Fuels, 31(3) (2017) 3270-3280.
[27] M. De Joannon, G. Sorrentino, A. Cavaliere, MILD combustion in diffusion-controlled regimes of hot diluted fuel, Combustion and Flame, 159(5) (2012) 1832-1839.
[28] N. Donohoe, A. Heufer, W.K. Metcalfe, H.J. Curran, M.L. Davis, O. Mathieu, D. Plichta, A. Morones, E.L. Petersen, F. Güthe, Ignition delay times, laminar flame speeds, and mechanism validation for natural gas/hydrogen blends at elevated pressures, Combustion and Flame, 161(6) (2014) 1432-1443.
[29] P.R. Medwell, P.A. Kalt, B.B. Dally, Simultaneous imaging of OH, formaldehyde, and temperature of turbulent nonpremixed jet flames in a heated and diluted coflow, Combustion and Flame, 148(1-2) (2007) 48-61.
[30] A. Parente, C. Galletti, L. Tognotti, Effect of the combustion model and kinetic mechanism on the MILD combustion in an industrial burner fed with hydrogen enriched fuels, International journal of hydrogen energy, 33(24) (2008) 7553-7564.
[31] P. Li, J. Mi, B. Dally, F. Wang, L. Wang, Z. Liu, S. Chen, C. Zheng, Progress and recent trend in MILD combustion, Science China Technological Sciences, 54(2) (2011) 255-269.
[32] M. De Joannon, P. Sabia, G. Cozzolino, G. Sorrentino, A. Cavaliere, Pyrolitic and oxidative structures in hot oxidant diluted oxidant (HODO) MILD combustion, Combustion science and technology, 184(7-8) (2012) 1207-1218.
[33] J. Zhang, J. Mi, P. Li, F. Wang, B.B. Dally, Moderate or intense low-oxygen dilution combustion of methane diluted by CO2 and N2, Energy & Fuels, 29(7) (2015) 4576-4585.
Amirkabir Journal of Mechanical Engineering
Volume 54, Issue 1
April 2022
Pages 249-266

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics