Numerical Study of Microbubble Dynamics Subjected to Ultrasound and Its Effect on Thermal Ablation of Biological Tissue

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

2 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

High-intensity focused ultrasound is a non-invasive method and provides many therapeutic applications for physicians. One of the ways to increase the efficiency of High-intensity focused ultrasound is using a Levovist contrast agent, which consists of microbubbles. In the present study, we calculate the pressure field due to the High-intensity focused ultrasound using the Helmholtz equation for linear ultrasonic wave propagation. Using the Keller-Miksis equation, we calculate the thermal effects caused by microbubble injection after determining the acoustic pressure. The Pennes bioheat transfer equation is used for studying the tissue temperature distribution. The simulation results show that in the presence of a microbubble under the influence of a High-intensity focused ultrasound pressure field, increasing the applied frequency and power increases the value of heat sources caused by the microbubble oscillation. An increase in the temperature of biological tissue can be observed after the injection of microbubbles. Within the pressure range of 2.54 MPa, the tissue temperature at the focal point, for the case where the microbubble with the initial radius of 50 μm is injected, increases by 8.28 ℃. Meanwhile, if a microbubble with an initial radius of 50 micrometers is injected, there is a further increase in the tissue temperature by 57.72%. In the absence of microbubbles, the corresponding temperature rise is only 5.42 ℃ for the same operating conditions. Finally, the Arrhenius model shows that the microbubbles with different initial radii increase the ablated tissue volume by about 38%.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1] M.A. Diaz, M.A. Solovchuk, T.W. Sheu, A conservative numerical scheme for modeling nonlinear acoustic propagation in thermoviscous homogeneous media, Journal of Computational Physics, 363 (2018) 200-230.
[2] W.Y. Tey, H. Alehossein, Z. Qin, K.M. Lee, H.S. Kang, K.Q. Lee, On stability of time marching in numerical solutions of rayleigh-plesset equation for ultrasonic cavitation, in: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, IOP Publishing, 2020, pp. 012117.
[3] T.J. Mason, Developments in ultrasound—non-medical, Progress in biophysics and molecular biology, 93(1-3) (2007) 166-175.
[4] in: I.A.R.C, World Health Organization, https://gco.iarc.fr/tomorrow/en/dataviz/isotype, 2021.
[5] S. Vaezy, M. Andrew, P. Kaczkowski, L. Crum, Image- guided acoustic therapy, Annual review of biomedical engineering, 3(1) (2001) 375-390.
[6] S. Chatillon, R. Loyet, L. Brunel, F. Chavrier, N. Guillen, S. Le Berre, Applications of intensive HIFU simulation based on surrogate models using the CIVA HealthCare platform, in: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, IOP Publishing, 2021, pp. 012007.
[7] Z. Izadifar, Z. Izadifar, D. Chapman, P. Babyn, An introduction to high intensity focused ultrasound: systematic  review  on  principles,  devices,  and clinical applications, Journal of clinical medicine, 9(2) (2020) 460.
[8] G.t. Haar, Physics today, ACOUSTIC SURGERY, 54, no.12 (2001) 29-34.
[9] E.A.   Stewart,  W.M.   Gedroyc,   C.M.  Tempany,  B.J. Quade, Y. Inbar, T. Ehrenstein, A. Shushan, J.T. Hindley, R.D. Goldin, M. David, Focused ultrasound treatment  of uterine fibroid tumors: safety and feasibility of a noninvasive thermoablative technique, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 189(1) (2003) 48-54.
[10] P. Hariharan, M.R. Myers, R.K. Banerjee, HIFU procedures at moderate intensities—effect of large blood vessels, Physics in Medicine & Biology, 52(12) (2007) 3493.
[11] M. Marinova, M. Rauch, M. Mücke, R. Rolke, M.A. Gonzalez-Carmona, J. Henseler, H. Cuhls, L. Radbruch, C.P. Strassburg, L. Zhang, High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for pancreatic carcinoma: evaluation of feasibility, reduction of tumour volume and pain intensity, European radiology, 26(11) (2016) 4047-4056.
[12] J.E. Kennedy, High-intensity focused ultrasound in the treatment of solid tumours, Nature reviews cancer, 5(4) (2005) 321-327.
[13] J. Huang, R.G. Holt, R.O. Cleveland, R.A. Roy, Experimental validation of a tractable numerical model for focused ultrasound heating in flow-through tissue phantoms, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 116(4) (2004) 2451-2458.
[14] M. Sadeghi-Goughari, S. Jeon, H.-J. Kwon, Enhancing thermal effect of focused ultrasound therapy using gold nanoparticles, IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience, 18(4) (2019) 661-668.
[15] J.-J. Li, G.-L. Xu, M.-F. Gu, G.-Y. Luo, Z. Rong, P.-H. Wu, J.-C. Xia, Complications of high intensity focused ultrasound in patients with recurrent and metastatic abdominal tumors, World journal of gastroenterology: WJG, 13(19) (2007) 2747.
[16] H. Furusawa, K. Namba, S. Thomsen, F. Akiyama, A. Bendet, C. Tanaka, Y. Yasuda, H. Nakahara, Magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound surgery of breast cancer: reliability and effectiveness, Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 203(1) (2006) 54-63.
[17] S.B. Devarakonda, M.R. Myers, M. Lanier, C. Dumoulin, R.K. Banerjee, Assessment of gold nanoparticle-mediated-enhanced hyperthermia using MR-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation procedure, Nano letters, 17(4) (2017) 2532-2538.
[18] K. Kaczmarek, T. Hornowski, M. Kubovcikova, M. Timko, M. Koralewski, A. Józefczak, Heating Induced by Therapeutic Ultrasound in the Presence of Magnetic Nanoparticles, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 10 (2018).
[19] D. Kessel, R. Jeffers, J. Fowlkes, C. Cain, Porphyrin- induced enhancement of ultrasound cytotoxicity, International journal of radiation biology, 66(2) (1994) 221-228.
[20] M. Sadeghi-Goughari, S. Jeon, H.-J. Kwon, Analytical and Numerical Model of High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Enhanced with Nanoparticles, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 67(11) (2020) 3083-3093.
[21] Y.  Kaneko, T.  Maruyama, K. Takegami, T. Watanabe, H. Mitsui, K. Hanajiri, H. Nagawa, Y. Matsumoto, Use of a microbubble agent to increase the effects of high intensity focused ultrasound on liver tissue, European radiology, 15(7) (2005) 1415-1420.
[22] A. Clark, S. Bonilla, D. Suo, Y. Shapira, M. Averkiou, Microbubble-Enhanced Heating: Exploring the  Effect of Microbubble Concentration and Pressure Amplitude on High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Treatments, Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, 47(8) (2021) 2296-2309.
[23] M. Wang, Y. Lei, Y. Zhou, High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation by the frequency chirps: Enhanced thermal field and cavitation at the focus, Ultrasonics, 91 (2019) 134-149.
[24] A. Gnanaskandan, C.-T. Hsiao, G. Chahine, Modeling of microbubble-enhanced high-intensity focused ultrasound, Ultrasound in medicine & biology, 45(7) (2019) 1743-1761.
[25] R.S. Cobbold, Foundations of biomedical ultrasound, Oxford university press, 2006.
[26] C. Multiphysics, Acoustic Module–User’s Guide, (fall 2020).
[27] U. Parlitz, V. Englisch, C. Scheffczyk, W. Lauterborn, Bifurcation structure of bubble oscillators, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 88(2) (1990) 1061- 1077.
[28] H.H. Pennes, Analysis of tissue and arterial blood temperatures in the resting human forearm, Journal of applied physiology, 1(2) (1948) 93-122.
[29] X. Zou, H. Dong, S.-Y. Qian, Influence of dynamic tissue properties on temperature elevation and lesions during HIFU scanning therapy: Numerical simulation, Chinese Physics B, 29(3) (2020) 034305.
[30] C.H. Farny, R.G. Holt, R.A. Roy, The correlation between bubble-enhanced HIFU heating and cavitation power, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 57(1) (2009) 175-184.
[31] C. Coussios, C. Farny, G. Ter Haar, R. Roy, Role of acoustic cavitation in the delivery and monitoring of cancer treatment by high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), International journal of hyperthermia, 23(2) (2007) 105-120.
[32] P.L. Edson, The role of acoustic cavitation in enhanced ultrasound-induced heating in a tissue-mimicking phantom, Boston University, 2001.
[33] M. Sannyal, A.M.M. Mukaddes, Numerical Investigation of Tissue-Temperature Controlled System in Thermal Ablation: A Finite Element Approach, Journal of Applied and Computational Mechanics, 7(3 (In Progress)) (2021) 1826-1835.
[34] M. Sherar, J. Moriarty, M. Kolios, J. Chen, R. Peters, L. Ang, R. Hinks, R. Henkelman, M. Bronskill, W. Kucharcyk, Comparison of thermal damage calculated using magnetic resonance thermometry, with magnetic resonance imaging post-treatment and histology, after interstitial microwave thermal therapy of rabbit brain, Physics in Medicine & Biology, 45(12) (2000) 3563.
[35] P. Namakshenas, A. Mojra, Numerical study of non- Fourier thermal ablation of benign thyroid tumor by focused ultrasound (FU), Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, 39(3) (2019) 571-585.
[36] P. Namakshenas, A. Mojra, Microstructure-based non- Fourier heat transfer modeling of HIFU treatment for thyroid cancer, Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 197 (2020) 105698.
[37] P. Gupta, A. Srivastava, Numerical analysis of thermal response of tissues subjected to high intensity focused ultrasound, International Journal of Hyperthermia, 35(1) (2018) 419-434.
[38] M.S. Canney, V.A. Khokhlova, O.V. Bessonova, M.R. Bailey, L.A. Crum, Shock-induced heating and millisecond boiling in gels and tissue due to high intensity focused ultrasound, Ultrasound in medicine & biology, 36(2) (2010) 250-267.
[39] D. Toghraie, N. Nasajpour-Esfahani, M. Zarringhalam, N. Shirani, S. Rostami, Blood flow analysis inside different arteries using non-Newtonian  Sisko  model  for application in biomedical engineering, Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 190 (2020) 105338.
[40] T.D. Mast, Empirical relationships between acoustic parameters in human soft tissues, Acoustics Research Letters Online-arlo - ACOUST RES LETT ONLINE- ARLO, 1 (2000).
[41] H. Shankar, Paul S. Pagel, David S. Warner, Potential Adverse Ultrasound-related Biological Effects: A Critical Review, Anesthesiology, 115(5) (2011) 1109-1124.
[42] S. Tungjitkusolmun, S.T. Staelin, D. Haemmerich, T. Jang-Zern, C. Hong, J.G. Webster, F.T. Lee, D.M. Mahvi, V.R. Vorperian, Three-dimensional finite-element analyses for radio-frequency hepatic tumor ablation, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 49(1) (2002) 3-9.
[43] S. gharloghi, M. Gholami, A. Haghparast, V. Dehlaghi, Numerical Study for Optimizing Parameters of High- Intensity Focused Ultrasound-Induced Thermal Field during Liver Tumor Ablation: HIFU Simulator, Iranian Journal of Medical Physics, 14(1) (2017) 15-22.
[44] N.   Srivastava,   S.   Gehlot,   S.   Singh,   B.   Singh APPLICATION OF  DIFFERENT  PARAMETERS FOR SELECTING NORMAL AND ABNORMAL SKIN CHARACTERISTICS IN DETERMINATION OF PRAKRITI IN INFANTS, International Journal of Research in Ayurveda & Pharmacy, 6 (2015) 161-168.
[45] K.M. Shurrab, M. Sayem El-Daher, Simulation and Study of Temperature Distribution in Living Biological Tissues under Laser Irradiation, Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences, 5(3) (2014) 135-139.
[46] J. Wang, Simulation of Magnetic Nanoparticle Hyperthermia in Prostate Tumors, Johns Hopkins University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, 1 (2014) 1-47.
[47] V. Tesař, Microbubble generation by fluidics, Part II: Bubble formation mechanism, Proc. of Colloquium Fluid Dynamics, (2012) 1-20.
[48] H. O’Neil, Theory of focusing radiators, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 21, no. 5 (1949) 516-526.
[49] A. Abdolhosseinzadeh, A. Mojra, K. Hooman, A porous medium approach to thermal analysis of focused ultrasound for treatment of thyroid nodules, Applied Acoustics, 182 (2021) 108236.
[50] M. Mohammadpour, B. Firoozabadi, High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation of porous liver: Numerical analysis of heat transfer and hemodynamics, Applied Thermal Engineering, 170 (2020) 115014.
Amirkabir Journal of Mechanical Engineering
Volume 54, Issue 11
February 2023
Pages 2561-2582

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics