Evaluation of Neural Response Quality Based on Balanceable Region and Reaction Time

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Biomechanics and Movement Systems Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran

2 Mechanical Engineering Department, Yazd university, Yazd, Iran

Abstract

Maintaining upright stability is a fundamental challenge due to the dynamic instability of the human body, particularly in older adults, where age-related decline in the nervous system increases the risk of falls and related injuries. This study evaluated neural response quality in balance control by analyzing the balanceable regions and reaction times. Using a single inverted pendulum model in the sagittal plane, the mechanical, experimental, and real balanceable regions were determined for seven healthy young adults (mean age: 24 years; 4 females, 3 males). Reaction time tests (visual, auditory, and tactile) were conducted using an LED, buzzer, and piezoelectric sensor, while an out-of-balance experiment was performed using a sudden perturbation near the center of mass. Data were recorded with a force plate (600 Hz) and motion capture cameras (125 Hz). Results indicated that auditory reaction time (144–186 ms) was shorter than visual (188–260 ms) and tactile (153–238 ms) reaction times. The ratios of experimental to mechanical and real to mechanical balanceable regions ranged from 41% to 74% and 42% to 91%, respectively. The dynamic model was validated against experimental data and demonstrated that reaction time significantly reduces the balanceable region, with males responding approximately 10 ms faster than females. These findings have potential applications in designing rehabilitation programs, enhancing athletic performance, and enabling early diagnosis of neurological disorders.

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Amirkabir Journal of Mechanical Engineering
Volume 57, Issue 6
September 2025
Pages 709-728

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