Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Smoke Curtain Height on Visibility Field and Carbon Monoxide Distribution in a Closed Parking Garage Using Pyrosim Software

Ghassabi, Ghodrat; Shakib, Seyed Ehsan; Yegane, Farhad

doi:10.22060/mej.2026.25696.7962

Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Smoke Curtain Height on Visibility Field and Carbon Monoxide Distribution in a Closed Parking Garage Using Pyrosim Software

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

Ghodrat Ghassabi

Seyed Ehsan Shakib

Farhad Yegane

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bozorgmehr University of Qaenat, Qaen, Iran

10.22060/mej.2026.25696.7962

Abstract

Smoke curtains are of particular importance in smoke management within parking garages. In this study, the effect of increasing the smoke curtain height on changes in visibility range and carbon monoxide concentration was investigated for a commercial parking garage using Pyrosim 2024 software, a subject that has not received significant attention in previous studies. The simulation parameters included a 4 MW Heat Release Rate (HRR) and polyurethane as the fuel source, with variations in smoke curtain height considered. The simulation was performed for 10 minutes post-ignition. A numerical investigation was conducted for simulation validation. The results show that in the 2-meter smoke curtain state, visibility in the center and left side of the parking is approximately 27 to 30 meters, and between 6 to 21 meters on the right side. In this state, visibility is approximately 12% higher compared to the no-curtain state and 46% higher compared to the fully closed curtain state. The highest visibility is observed for the 2-meter curtain state, and the lowest visibility is observed for the fully closed curtain state. The results also indicate that in the fully closed curtain state, the maximum carbon monoxide concentration is between 1.5×10−5and 3×10−5.

Keywords

Smoke curtain

Jet fan

Make-up air

Smoke extraction

Subjects