Investigation of Nanofluid Flow Field and Conjugate Heat Transfer in a Microchannel Heat Sink with Four Different Arrangements

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran

Abstract

In this study three dimensional fluid flow and heat transfer of Al2O3-water nanofluid in a triangular microchannel heat sink, consisting from seven isosceles triangular microchannels, have been investigated numerically by considering conduction in solid parts. The governing equations have been solved using finite volume method based on finite element and utilizing coupled algorithm. The objective has been investigating the effects of four inlet/outlet flow arrangements on flow field and heat transfer of Al2O3-water nanofluid. These arrangements consist of: inlet from the center of the north wall and outlet from the center of the south wall (I-type), inlet from the right side of the north wall and outlet from the left side of the south wall (N-type), inlet and outlet from the top and bottom parts of the west wall (D-type) and inlet from the upper part of the east wall and outlet from the bottom of the west wall (S-type). Also the effects of the Brownian motion of nanoparticles and temperature-dependent properties of the nanofluid have been considered. The results showed that increasing the nanoparticles volume fraction from 0 to 4% increases the average Nusselt number between 4.72% and 5.47, decreases thermal resistance between 1.81% and 2.34% and decreases the ratio of maximum temperature difference of heat sink substrate to heat flux between 1.28% and 1.56%. Also the results indicated that the I-type arrangement has a better heat transfer performance, lesser thermal resistance and provides more uniform temperature distribution. In this case, the I-type arrangement has higher Nusselt number between 1.69% and 18.33%, lower thermal resistance between 3.55% and 29.29%, and a smaller ratio of maximum temperature difference of heat sink substrate to heat flux between 5.23% and 36.25%, when compared with those of other arrangements. The heat sink performance characteristics have improved between 0.1% and 0.75% by considering the Brownian motion and between 1.9% and 3.9%, by considering temperature dependent properties.

Keywords

Main Subjects


[1] D.B. Tuckerman, R. Pease, High-performance heat sinking for VLSI, IEEE Electron device letters, 2(5) (1981) 126-129.
[2] G. Hetsroni, A. Mosyak, Z. Segal, Nonuniform temperature distribution in electronic devices cooled by flow in parallel microchannels, IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies, 24(1) (2001) 16-23.
[3] I. Tiselj, G. Hetsroni, B. Mavko, A. Mosyak, E. Pogrebnyak, Z. Segal, Effect of axial conduction on the heat transfer in micro-channels, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 47(12) (2004) 2551-2565.
[4] R. Chein, J. Chen, Numerical study of the inlet/ outlet arrangement effect on microchannel heat sink performance, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 48(8) (2009) 1627-1638.
[5] T.-C. Hung, W.-M. Yan, Effects of tapered-channel design on thermal performance of microchannel heat sink, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 39(9) (2012) 1342-1347.
[6] V.L. Vinodhan, K. Rajan, Computational analysis of new microchannel heat sink configurations, Energy Conversion and Management, 86 (2014) 595-604.
[7] V. Duryodhan, A. Singh, S. Singh, A. Agrawal, Convective heat transfer in diverging and converging microchannels, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 80 (2015) 424-438.
[8] H. Khorasanizadeh, M. Sepehrnia, Effects of different inlet/outlet arrangements on performance of a trapezoidal porous microchannel heat sink, Modares Mechanical Engineering, 16(8) (2016) 269-280. (in Persian).
[9] R. Chein, G. Huang, Analysis of microchannel heat sink performance using nanofluids, Applied thermal engineering, 25(17-18) (2005) 3104-3114.
[10] H.R. Seyf, B. Nikaaein, Analysis of Brownian motion and particle size effects on the thermal behavior and cooling performance of microchannel heat sinks, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 58 (2012) 36- 44.
[11] B. Fani, M. Kalteh, A. Abbassi, Investigating the effect of Brownian motion and viscous dissipation on the nanofluid heat transfer in a trapezoidal microchannel heat sink, Advanced Powder Technology, 26(1) (2015) 83-90.
[12] H. Khorasanizadeh, M. Sepehrnia, R. Sadeghi, Three dimensional investigations of inlet/outlet arrangements and nanofluid utilization effects on a triangular microchannel heat sink performance, Modares Mechanical Engineering, 16(12) (2016) 27-38 (in Persian).
[13] S.E. Ghasemi, A. Ranjbar, M. Hosseini, Thermal and hydrodynamic characteristics of water-based suspensions of Al2O3 nanoparticles in a novel minichannel heat sink, Journal of Molecular Liquids, 230 (2017) 550-556.
[14] G. Hetsroni, A. Mosyak, Z. Segal, Nonuniform temperature distribution in electronic devices cooled by flow in parallel microchannels, Components and Packaging Technologies, IEEE Transactions on, 24(1) (2001) 16-23.
[15] Y. Xuan, W. Roetzel, Conceptions for heat transfer correlation of nanofluids, International Journal of heat and Mass transfer, 43(19) (2000) 3701-3707.
[16] K. Khanafer, K. Vafai, A critical synthesis of thermophysical characteristics of nanofluids, International journal of heat and mass transfer, 54(19-20) (2011) 4410-4428.
[17] J. Li, Computational Analysis of Nanofluid Flow in Microchannels with Applications to Micro-heat Sinks and Bio-MEMS, ProQuest, 2008.
[18] Y. Yang, Z.G. Zhang, E.A. Grulke, W.B. Anderson, G. Wu, Heat transfer properties of nanoparticle-in-fluid dispersions (nanofluids) in laminar flow, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 48(6) (2005) 1107- 1116.
[19] J. Koo, C. Kleinstreuer, A new thermal conductivity model for nanofluids, Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 6(6) (2004) 577-588.
[20] C. Glassbrenner, G.A. Slack, Thermal conductivity of silicon and germanium from 3 K to the melting point, Physical Review, 134(4A) (1964) A1058.
[21] Y. Hwang, J. Lee, C. Lee, Y. Jung, S. Cheong, C. Lee, B. Ku, S. Jang, Stability and thermal conductivity characteristics of nanofluids, Thermochimica Acta, 455(1) (2007) 70-74.
[22] R.J. Phillips, Microchannel Heat Sinks, Lincoln Laboratory Journal, 1(1) (1988).