In this article, the active vibration control of isotropic beams and smart composite box beams equipped with piezoelectric layers is investigated using fuzzy controllers. The main objective of the study is to present an efficient framework for vibration control of composite beams with arbitrary cross-sectional geometries and anisotropic materials. To this end, the dynamic behavior of the beams is extracted from the output of a non-classical model based on two-dimensional cross-sectional analysis. This approach preserves the accuracy of analyzing complex composite structures while significantly reducing the computational cost compared to full three-dimensional modeling, and provides a suitable platform for optimization problems. In the first stage, a smart Euler–Bernoulli beam equipped with piezoelectric layers was evaluated for preliminary simulation using three control approaches: fuzzy control, classical proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control, and fuzzy-tuned PID control. Subsequently, the smart composite beam was examined using the proposed non-classical model under both fuzzy and PID controllers. The uncoupled modal equations were derived based on the first mode shape of the beam and discretized in the time domain using the central difference method. Furthermore, the composite box beam model fully incorporates six degrees of freedom, all non-classical material and geometric couplings, and transverse shear effects without requiring complete three-dimensional modeling. The obtained results indicate effective reduction in vibrations, overshoot, and settling time.